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We describe a simple method to detect significant changes of the total ozone column from global (diffuse and direct) zenith sky measurements taken at the Earth’s surface. The calculation of the total ozone column relies on measured irradiance at two wavelengths in the ultra violet part of the solar spectrum. One of these (i.e. 306 nm) are appreciable absorbed by ozone whereas the other (i.e. 360 n
Diabetic retinopathy is an ophthalmic complication of diabetes that currently affects 93 million people worldwide. Diabetic macular edema is a subtype of diabetic retinopathy that is characterized by leaking blood vessels in the central part of the retina, and it is a major cause of vision loss in individuals with diabetes. Screening for retinopathy is performed at regular intervals to identify su
The best valve substitute for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in terms of hemodynamic performance, durability, incidence of complications, and survival remains the subject of much debate. It has been suggested that valve performance is influenced by the potentially modifiable variable prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM). PPM has been reported to be detrimental for survival and symptom resolution main
1.. Implementation of the full spectra of screening tools to prevent the introduction of invasive species results in a need to evaluate the cost-efficiency of gathering the information needed to screen for these species. 2. We show how the Bayesian value of information approach can be used to derive the benefit of a screening model based on species traits, which in combination with the base rate o
Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a fatal cancer, accounting for 3-5% of all diagnosed cancers. Finding the primary site is important for therapeutic choices and we believe that the organ which is designated as the cause of death may give clues about the primary site. Methods: A total of 20,570 patients with CUP were identified from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Causes of death
The complex structural behavior of tau-[AgCu](similar to 0.92)V4O10 has been elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The tau-phase region is apparently composed of several distinct phases and this study identifies at least three: tau(1rt) tau(2rt) and tau(1t), tau(1rt) and tau(2rt) have slightly different compositions and crystal habits. Both phases transform to Tit at
The aim of the present study was to take a closer look into the evidence for a theory of prehistoric string manufacture, formulated by the British archaeologist Karen Hardy in the article Prehistoric string theory. How twisted fibers helped to shape the world (Hardy, 2008). A problem with the article, with the relevance and validity of the presented evidence as substance for the theory, was the mi
Recent trends of permafrost thawing in the subarctic are expected to cause increased release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to inland waters, which might have cascading effects on downstream aquatic ecosystems and release of CO2 to the atmosphere. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the applicability of an empirical band ratio algorithm for estimating chromophoric dissolved organic matter
As previous research on content-specificity of the neural correlates of recollection is inconclusive, event-related potentials were used to assess old/new effects for faces, objects and words. The data demonstrate temporal differences in ERP old/new effects as a function of item type, supporting the notion that material-dependent processes underlie recollection-related neural activity. The results
We test a new approach to calculate the mean velocity and velocity dispersion for a sample of nearby stars when their radial velocities are not available. The most commonly used method (here called the projection method, PM) was introduced in a paper by Dehnen & Binney (1998). That method is here compared, theoretically and numerically, with an application of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method
Begreppet barnets bästa är inte något nytt begrepp inom den svenska familjerätten. Det är ett begrepp som med tiden har mognat och blivit allt mer anpassat till barnets behov. I denna uppsats ges till en början en historisk återblick kring barnets bästa och en inblick i hur utvecklingen har sett ut i den svenska rätten. Den tar också fasta på den nuvarande lagstiftningen för barnets bästa och barnThe term the best interest of the child is not a new concept in the Swedish family law. It is a concept that has developed with time and become more and more adapted to the child's needs. In this paper is initially given a retrospective about the best interests of the child and an insight into how the development has been in the Swedish law. It also takes note of the current legislation for th
The world around us is urbanising at a faster rate than ever. Today more than 70 per cent of the European population lives in urban areas, especially small and medium-sized cities. Often, cities are the centres of economic growth. In the context of urban pollution and climate change, cities are at the core of European policies due to their ability to be the ‘places’ where solutions and innovations
The WEEE Directive requires the producers to fulfil e-waste compliance according to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. In order for producers to comply with the requirements nationally, collective compliance schemes were formed. Usually the manufacturers join together and form producer responsibility organisations (PROs) which take the responsibility for organising the waste man
Som en följd av EU-beslutet om ett nettonollutsläppsmål till 2050 har flera industrier utvecklat färdplaner för hur dessa utsläppsminskningar ska uppnås. Det här examensarbetet undersöker kemiindustrins färdplaner i syfte att bedöma hur de ser på sin roll i att nå EU:s utsläppsmål. Teknikerna och strategierna som används i färdplanerna för att nå utsläppsminskningar varierar stort. Ofta antas att Following the decision set by the EU of a net-zero greenhouse gas emission target for 2050, several industries have made roadmaps for how these reductions will be achieved. This thesis investigates the chemical industry roadmaps in order to assess how they envision their role in reaching the EU target. The technologies and strategies used in the roadmaps to reach the reduction targets vary widely,
The aim of this project is to establish a workflow that transforms CT-scanned images of paperboard into a calibrated Representative Volume Element (RVE). A RVE is defined as the smallest volume that accurately captures the macroscopic behaviour of the material. First, CT-scanned images are converted into a finite element model that rep- resents the microstructure of the paperboard. Secondly, a di
Bioacoustic sound event detection (SED) is a critical field for biodiversity monitoring, yet the high cost of annotating data poses significant challenges. This thesis explores the application of active learning strategies to reduce the amount of annotated data required for effective model training. This is done for a segment based SED model, where batch active learning is performed by querying fu
The need for speed in communications systems is increasingly prevalent in modern society, which is one of the driving factors for the evolution of new technologies. At the forefront of this evolution are Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Through the usage of many antennas at the base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), significantly enhances the potential maximum data transfer rates
Flooding in oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia is a common problem. The oil palm’s habitable range is restricted to lowland equatorial areas, and the high rainfall and degraded landscapes associated with oil palm cultivation leaves oil palm prone to flooding. Flooding diminishes yields in mature palms, increases mortality in young palms, and disrupts operational processes. This reduces the ec
