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Plant canopies affect the canopy micrometeorology, and thereby alter canopy exchange processes. For the simulation of these exchange processes on a regional or global scale, large-scale vegetation models often assume homogeneous environmental conditions within the canopy. In this study, we address the importance of vertical variations in light, temperature, CO2 concentration and humidity within th
beta-1,4-Gatactosyltransferase 7 (beta 4GalT7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans (PGs). Mammalian cells produce PGs, which are involved in biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation. The PGs consist of a core protein, with one or several GAG chains attached. Both the structure of the PGs and the GAG chains, and the expre
Constant volume combustion is studied, using a zero-dimensional model, which is a wide-ranging chemical kinetic simulation that allows a closed system of gases to be described on the basis of a set of initial conditions. The model provides an engine- or reactor-like environment in which the engine simulations allow for a variable system volume and heat transfer both to and from the system. The com
Beginning in 2002, the Department of Health (DoH) n partnership with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) began publishing guidelines for the evidenced-based care and treatment of individuals with specific psychiatric disorders. With few exceptions the first-line psychological treatment recommended in all of the guidelines was some form of CBT. The publications of these guidelines
Ever since the end of the 1970s triple-pane windows have been ”standard” in new construction of dwellings and non-residential premises in Sweden. The background was the first oil crisis in 1973, which led to a dramatic sharpening of the thermal requirements regarding the thermal envelope of Swedish buildings. These were introduced in the new building code SBN 75 which was brought into practice in
This thesis, which is based on four original papers, deals with human dendritic cells (DCs) in immunity and allergy. DCs play a key role in the regulation of immune responses by acting as the sentinels of the immune system, specialized in the uptake of a diverse range of antigens. These cells migrate to local lymph nodes and become highly efficient in inducing T cell proliferation, thus inducing a
This report was initiated and conducted as input to the discussions based on the “Vision 2015” document for the Nordic Swan that explicitly states a wish to find ways to make use of ecolabelling in the green public procurement (GPP) setting. In 2014, the Directive (2004/18/EG) on public procurement was revised and replaced by Directive (2014/24/EU). Some of the restrictions in using ecolabelling i
We investigate a model for buffer management of multi-class traffic into a finite shared buffer. A hierarchy of increasingly stronger linear programming relaxations for this model is proposed. The number of hierarchies equals the number of job classes. Each relaxation in the hierarchy is constructed by projecting the original achievable performance region into a polytope with fewer variables and f
Abstract in UndeterminedIn today's technology generations, e.g. 90 and 65 nm, the static power consumption becomes a major contributor to the total power consumption. This paper focuses on the arithmetic level and shows a methodology for a substantial reduction of the static power consumption. Simulations are done in a typical 130 nm technology. Based on the simulation results, the static power in
Sweden is part of a small European minority in the perceived societal gain of PPP. After a pilot PPP project in late 1990’s no additional project has been started in Sweden. Although there is interest from both public infrastructure clients and construction companies the national government has very clearly stated that infrastructure projects should be procured in a traditional way where all fundi
The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN is preparing for the data taking and analysis at the LHC that will start in 2007. Therefore, a series of Data Challenges was started in 2002 whose goals are the validation of the Computing Model, of the complete software suite, of the data model, and to ensure the correctness of the technical choices to be made for the final offline computing environment. A major fe
How do small states approach their security problems? What types of strategic instruments exist for small states, and when and why are certain strategies chosen rather than others? The security of `weak' states is problematic, demanding trade-offs in the decisions made. Using 19th century Swedish security policy as an example, it is argued here that small states, in their pursuit of security and a
