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Paper prepared for the ESTER course in research design, Münster 13-15 October 2005

Theoretically, electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy offer information on a scale beyond the optical microscope. However, the quality of the micrograph and the obtained information is limited by the sample preparation. Each sample has its own characteristics that need special precautions, meaning that sample preparation is a continuously developing science. In this thesis several micro

In the debate on how to make democracy strong against terrorism, it has been suggested that the Western democracies need new protective measures. This paper argues that, far from protecting democracy, such measures may in fact undermine the very values and virtues that make democracy possible. Information freedom, the right to due process and the protection of privacy are all fundamental for the

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is a potential technique for future high-speed networks. In this paper, we investigate low complexity signal detection approaches for OFDM based UWB systems. In particular, we develop practical approaches for channel estimation and interference suppression. Computer simulation results show that these techniques can be effectively used in OFDM based UWB systems fo

In ad hoc mobile networks nodes typically communicate over wireless channels and are capable of movement. These are networks that support multihop communication and can be formed on a temporary basis. This paper evaluates a solution that allows mobile nodes to access the wired Internet and roam from base station to base station. The solution is based on the extension of Mobile IP capabilities to t

Often, the research process is hidden under the dominant product, making all decisions, from the research question to the chosen method and theory, seem obvious in retrospect. Consequently, this paper has two tightly intertwined aims: to elucidate the research process of the study on which it is based; and to explore and discuss what this process temporally produced, namely, a focus group intervie

The main goal of this paper is to establish general constitutive relations for the electromagnetic fields E,D,B and H in a time domain setting. The four basic assumptions of the medium are linearity, invariance to time translations, causality and continuity. These four assumptions imply that the constitutive relations are convolutions of Riemann-Stieltjes type. A review of the classifi- cation of

A number of minimal problems of structure from motion for cameras with radial distortion have recently been studied and solved in some cases. These problems are known to be numerically very challenging and in several cases there exist no known practical algorithm yielding solutions in floating point arithmetic. We make some crucial observations concerning the floating point implementation of Gröbn

Although a substantial body of theoretical as well as empirical work emphasizes the role of the mass media in constructing what could serve as a political public sphere at the European level, strikingly little is known, in qualitative terms, about opinion-making journalists’ underlying views and orientations on the European integration process. The point of departure in the present paper is that o

This paper reflects and analyzes upon a research and pedagocial development project “Gender perspectives on university education and academic disciplines - a pedagogic project for the development of teaching – an intersectional approach (financed by the Swediah Council for Renewal of Higher Education). The project aims to further develop pedagogical models for the inclusion and integration of a “g

In Sweden, there are roughly half a million single family houses that use electric heating for both domestic hot water production and space heating. Since electricity is the most expensive energy source in Sweden, it is interesting to install a high solar fraction solar thermal system to reduce the energy use in these houses. One of the most significant bottlenecks for deployment of solar heating

The base (BOP) and the top (TOP) of the world income pyramid represent the poor people and the people from developed countries, respectively. About two-fifths of the world population can be categorized as poor. Poverty is a trap because children born to poor parents are likely to grow up to be poor adults. In recent years, a poverty reduction approach that combines business development with povert