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Purpose: The accuracy of analytical dose calculations (ADC) and dose uncertainties resulting from anatomical changes are both limiting factors in proton therapy. For the latter, rapid plan adaption is necessary; for the former, Monte Carlo (MC) approaches are increasingly recommended. These, however, are inherently slower than analytical approaches, potentially limiting the ability to rapidly adap
This paper estimates labor supply effects for informal caregivers in Sweden using four waves of the SHARE data panel. To give daily or weekly care to a parent, step parent or parent in law is found to be more common among women than among men and is associated with lower employment probability for daily caregivers although the causal direction of the relationship is unclear. No negative effect of
Today, we live in an age that is continually witnessing tension, strife and terrorism as a direct product of unequal distribution of wealth and opportunities for a good life. In Uganda for over two and half decades, war, insurgency and deprivation have been the realities of the people living in Northern Uganda. This evidently has lead to an imbalance in the Ugandan society with the North standing
Succinate:quinone reductases are membrane-bound enzymes that catalyze electron transfer from succinate to quinone. Some enzymes in vivo reduce ubiquinone (exergonic reaction) whereas others reduce menaquinone (endergonic reaction). The succinate:menaquinone reductases all contain two heme groups in the membrane anchor of the enzyme: a proximal heme (heme b(P)) located close to the negative side of
The aecA and aecB loci map at 250 and 290 degrees, respectively, on the Bacillus subtilis chromosomal genetic map. The aecB locus has been proposed as the structural gene for aspartokinase II. From DNA sequence analyses and comparisons to the sequence of the aspartokinase II gene, it can be concluded that the structural gene for aspartokinase II is located close to sdh at 250 degrees and cannot be
To analyze the role of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation in the effector phase of arthritis, we have induced arthritis in C3- and factor B (FB)-deficient (C3(-/-) and FB-/-) DBA/1J mice using well-defined monoclonal IgG2b and IgG2a antibodies to type II collagen. In control DBA/1J mice, severe swelling of the joints, destruction of cartilage and erosion of bone develo
whiH is one of several known loci specifically needed for the orderly multiple sporulation septation of aerial hyphae of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and for the expression of at least some late sporulation genes. DNA complementing whiH mutants was located immediately upstream of hrdB, which encodes the principal σ factor of S. coelicolor. Sequencing revealed a gene whose disruption gave rise to
Could the use of CSA practices stabilize the hunger crisis? Despite the general understanding that CSA practices increase farmers' food security, its resilience to climatic shocks is much less understood. To address this gap, this study analyzes the effect of three CSA practices: inorganic fertilization, intercropping and improved seeding on maize productivity in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda
A Palaeolithic diet is an efficacious dietary approach for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Causal mechanisms are body weight loss and glucometabolic effects from differences in included food groups, macronutrient composition, fibre content, and glycaemic load. The aim was to test the hypothesis that characteristic food group differences between a Palaeolithic and a diabetes diet would cause
The impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment on COVID-19 severity is unclear. In this population-based, nationwide study using multi-register data, we aimed to assess if OSA is a risk factor for COVID-19 severity and how adherence to PAP treatment and clinical characteristics affect the risk. Swedish residents with COVID-19 infection January 2020–May 202
Background: There are known associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related plasma proteins and spirometry measures. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) measures gas exchange that can be impaired both by lung and heart diseases. We aimed to study the associations between DLCO and CVD-linked plasma proteins in a population-based cohort without airflow obstruction. Methods: 89 CV
The contribution of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) to the hydrophobic surface properties of group A streptococci was investigated in aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase systems. Enzymatic digestions were performed to characterize the hydrophobic surface structure. The results obtained indicated that LTA is a major factor responsible for the hydrophobic character of the cell surface of group A s
Chemical signals are common in most crustacean social interactions and are often perceived via chemosensory (olfactory) organs on the first antenna. Intermolt courtship behaviors and mating were investigated in size-matched pairs of intermolt European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) where the olfactory receptors of either the male or the female were lesioned with distilled water (olfactory ablation) o
