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BackgroundRapid myelin water imaging (MWI) using a combined gradient and spin echo (GRASE) sequence can produce myelin specific metrics for the human brain. Spinal cord MWI could be similarly useful, but technical challenges have hindered routine application. GRASE rapid MWI was recently successfully implemented for imaging of healthy cervical spinal cord and may complement other advanced imaging
Transportation equity is vital for the fulfillment of citizens’ activities. To make better decisions for transportation planning, it is appropriate to have a method to evaluate each mode and assign an equity score to it. This paper aims to propose a method to assess the level of equity using different transportation modes in each zone of a city. Here, the equity level takes into account on one sid
The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis that is "creeping" in its onset and "slow-burning" in its duration. It is characterized by extreme uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity, presenting an unprecedented need for response across sectors and political-administrative levels. While there has been an explosion of research papers into the national strategies for handling the pandemic, empirical publicatio
Introduction. The cure rate of early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is excellent; investigating the late effects of treatment is thus important. Esophageal toxicity is a known side effect in patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) to the mediastinum, although little is known of this in HL survivors. This study investigates the dose to the esophagus in the treatment of early stage HL using different RT
In recent years, social work with migrants and ethnic minorities has developed as a field of research and practice. Further, it is recognised in the literature that the increased processes of human mobility in today’s societies have driven a growing focus on inclusive cities, especially in larger urban areas where ethnic diversity and cultural heterogeneity can be found alongside newly arrived mig
In this work, we introduce P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)) as an efficient hole transport material (HTM) for lead-free Cs3Sb2I9perovskite-inspired solar cells. The P3HT doubles the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells (PCE = 2.5% for the champion device) by improving all of the figures of merit: the fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and the short-circuit current. The maximu
To date, the most efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require hole-transporting materials (HTMs) that are doped with hygroscopic additives to improve their performance. Unfortunately, such dopants negatively impact the overall PSCs stability and add cost and complexity to the device fabrication. Hence, there is a need to investigate new strategies to boost the typically modest performance of d
The combination of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with other imaging modalities has been investigated in order to improve the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Mechanical Imaging (MI) measures the stress over the surface of the compressed breast, using a pressure sensor, during radiographic examination and its response has shown a correlation with the presence of malignant lesions. Thu
The current rate of residential building renovations in Europe is inadequate and attributable to the lack of integrated solutions in the market supported by appropriate business models. One-stop-shop (OSS) offers an innovative business approach, and it is acknowledged by the European Commission, in the Directive 2018/844/EU, as a transparent advisory and facilitating tool for the establishment of
Food, hygiene, and safety are critical in healthcare institutions, especially those in which patients are vulnerable against diseases triggered by food prepared under improper conditions. In the United Kingdom, almost 400 healthcare institutions were found to need significant improvements to their food preparation standards (ITV News, 2016). Such institutions still rely on traditional pen and pape
This article provides a critical literature review on the regional determinants of environmental innovation. The analysis of the relevant literature on supply-side factors, demand-side factors, and institutional factors reveals the importance of regional determinants in green technology development. Specifically, regional R&D collaborations, university-industry collaborations, and technologica
This thesis is composed of four papers, the first two show the attempts made to extend the Pythia event generator to simulate heavy-ion collision events. The other two papers show methods to improve the hadronization mechanism in the Pythia model for a bettter agreement with the experimental data of pp and heavy-ion collisions.Paper I introduces a new model named Angantyr for heavy-ion collision e
Nitrogenase is the only enzyme that can cleave the triple bond in N2, making nitrogen available for all lifeforms. Previous computational studies have given widely diverging results regarding the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. For example, some recent studies have suggested that one of the μ2-bridging sulfide ligands (S2B) may dissociate from one of the Fe ions when protonated in the doubly
The technological evolution and widespread availability of wearables and handheld ECG devices capable of screening for atrial fibrillation (AF), and their promotion directly to consumers, has focused attention of health care professionals and patient organizations on consumer-led AF screening. In this Frontiers review, members of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration provide a critical apprais
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease secreted by hath normal prostate glandular celts and prostate cancer cells. The major proteolytic substrates for PSA are the gel-forming proteins in semen, semenogelin (Sg) I and II. On the basis of the PSA cleavage map for Sg I and II, a series of small peptides (ie., ≤ 7 amino acids) was synthesized and coupled at the COOH terminus to 7-amino-
Motivated by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this paper aims to apply Gunter Stein's cautionary message of respecting the unstable to the problem of controlling the spread of an infectious disease. With this goal, we study the effect that delays and capacity constraints have in the test, trace, and isolate (TeTrIs) process, and how they impact its ability to prevent exponential
Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation leaving the urinary bladder open in the midline of the abdomen at birth. There is a clear genetic background with chromosome aberrations, but so far, no consistent findings apart from 22q11-duplications detected in about 2%–3% of all patients. Some genes are implicated like the LZTR1, ISL1, CELSR3, and the WNT3 genes, but most are not explained m
We consider a spectral problem associated with steady water waves of extreme form on the free surface of a rotational flow. It is proved that the spectrum of this problem contains arbitrary large negative eigenvalues and they are simple. Moreover, the asymptotics of such eigenvalues is obtained.
Background: Traumatic peripheral nerve injury is common and incurs significant cost to individuals and society. Healing following direct nerve repair or repair with autograft is slow and can be incomplete. Several bioengineered nerve wraps or devices have become available as an alternative to direct repair or autologous nerve graft. Nerve wraps attempt to reduce axonal escape across a direct repai
