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The sensitivity to geometrical imperfections of various test methods for wood-adhesive bonds was investigated using nonlinear finite element analysis. The adhesive layers in the specimens were modelled using a nonlinear softening, fracture mechanics model. The specimen types corresponded to the standards according to ASTM-D4680, ASTM-D905, EN-302-1 and a modified version of the ASTM-D3535 specimen

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of prostate cancer has been demonstrated to be a safe treatment option capable of inducing tissue destruction and decreasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels. However, prostate-PDT results in large intra- and interpatient variations in treatment response, possibly due to biological variations in tissue composition and short-term response to the th

This study comprises a technical and economic comparison of three different processes for the production of fuel ethanol from pine. The processes were based on the same technical and economic assumptions. The main difference between the processes lies in the front end of each process, i.e. in the pretreatment of the raw material and in the hydrolysis of the hemicellulose and cellulose to sugars. T

An investigation was undertaken to outline how microorganisms suggested for use in coal desulphurization are affected by compounds leached from coal. Three species of the genus Sulfolobus were studied. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was seen to be affected by compounds leached from coal more negatively than Sulfolobus brierleyi and Sulfolobus solfataricus. It was observed that certain conditions during

Background: Blood lipid levels including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C), and triglycerides ( TG) are highly heritable. Genome-wide association is a promising approach to map genetic loci related to these heritable phenotypes. Methods: In 1087 Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants ( mean age 47 years, 52% women), we conduct

A new pre-injector has been designed for the MAX-laboratory. It consists of an RF-gun and a magnetic energy filter. The newly designed RF-gun geometry will be operated at 3 GHz in the thermionic mode using a BaO cathode. The pre-injector will provide a 2.3 MeV electron beam in 3 ps micro pulses to a new injector system currently under construction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserve

A fission fragment accelerator combined with the Munich high-flux reactor FRM-II is under design for the delivery of intense beams of mass separated very neutron-rich fission fragments with energies at the Coulomb barrier They can be used to produce very heavy neutron-rich nuclei in fusion reactions. The large neutron excess will result in much longer lifetimes of the produced heavy elements, comp

Recent magnetic-resonance work on Y-Z suggests that this species exhibits considerable motional flexibility in its functional site and that its phenol oxygen is not involved in a well-ordered hydrogen-bond interaction (Tang et al., submitted; Tommos et al., in press). Both of these observations are inconsistent with a simple electron-transfer function for this radical in photosynthetic water oxida

Animistic or 'relational' ontologies encountered in non-Western (i.e. premodern) settings pose a challenge to Western (i.e. modern) knowledge production, as they violate fundamentalassumptions of Cartesian science. Naturalscientists who have tried seriously to incorporate subject-subject relations into their intellectual practice (e.g. Uexküll, Bateson) have inexorably been relegated to the margin

A miniaturized on-column digestion system constructed for the sequential analysis of semi-purified protein analytes is presented. By utilizing fused silica capillary (diameter 150 mu m) packed with a zone of trypsin-modified Eupergit C beads and a second zone of reversed-phase C18 material, a linear column set-up was constructed. The protein analytes (pmol amounts) were first digested in the 600 n

The sensitivity of the rat submaxillary gland was examined 3-4 weeks after either parasympathetic decentralization or sympathetic decentralization or denervation. The threshold doses for secretion of saliva of parasympathomimetic (methacholine) and sympathomimetic (noradrenaline, adrenaline, phenylephrine and isoprenaline) drugs were estimated and the amount of saliva secreted in response to supra

A number of optically pure 1,3-diols have been synthesized and used as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 92% of (R)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol were obtained with anisylbicyclo[2.2.2] octanediol (14) as a catalyst. Using 2-picolylbicyclo[ 2.2.2] ocatanediol (16) as the catalyst resulted in a reversal of the stereoselectivity, yielding

The purpose of this study was to develop new prediction equations for flow/volume spirometry parameters in asymptomatic, never-smoking adults in Norway, and to assess any differences of these parameters when applying the new and most commonly used equation sets. Flow/volume spirometry was measured according to the American Thoracic Society criteria in 2,792 subjects aged > or = 20 yrs, randomly se

Background and purpose: The requirements on the delivered dose in radical radiation therapy are extremely high. The dose should be within a few percent and also delivered with high accuracy in space. Vendors and users have successfully managed to implement radiation therapy systems, which are able to achieve these demands with high accuracy and reproducibility. These systems include computerized t