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Accuracy levels of metres per second require the fundamental concept of``radial velocity'' for stars and other distant objects to be examined,both as a physical velocity, and as measured by spectroscopic andastrometric techniques. Already in a classical (non-relativistic)framework the line-of-sight velocity component is an ambiguous concept,depending on whether, e.g., the time of light emission (a

Popular Abstract in Swedish 1100-talet var en mycket dynamisk och händelserik tid i dansk historia. Under detta århundrade ägde en rad samhällsförändringar rum som kom att påverka de allra flesta. På landsbygden samlades bebyggelsen i byar samtidigt som jordbruket rationaliserades och naturresurserna utnyttjades mer storskaligt. I städerna utvecklades penningekonomin och en mångfacetterad varuprodThe Early Middle Ages, comprising the period ca. 1000-1250, is usually described as a dynamic and eventful time, when many spheres of society underwent radical changes. The aim of this dissertation is to link these processes together in an overall holistic description of medieval society. The intention is thus to provide a "total historical" account of early medieval Denmark by means of a broad in

This dissertation deals with techniques for designing integrated amplifiers with high linearity. Amplifiers with operating frequencies from Audio to RF have been built. An enhanced feedback configuration, capable of very low distortion, is presented. Also presented is a statistical method for relating the distortion of a wideband signal to the total harmonic distortion (THD) of a single tone. Two

Popular Abstract in Swedish Livstidsprevalensen för läkemedelsberoende hos alkoholberoende patienter varierar mellan 20% och 45%. I normalbefolkningen är livstidsprevalensen av läkemedelsberoende cirka 2%; livstidsprevalensen för beroende av bensodiazepiner (BZD) respektive legala opioider (metadon exkluderat) är 0.3-0.9% respektive 0.8%. Förskrivningen av BZD har de senaste åren legat konstant elThe thesis contains 4 papers, two clinical studies and two meta-analyses. In the BZD taper study (Paper I) 21 BZD dependent (DSM-IV) patients were included for a 10-day inpatient detoxification. The average defined daily dose (DDD) was 4.7 doses. Withdrawal symptoms were not more pronounced compared to more extended detoxification procedures reported in literature. Five patients, all with concomi

Two-photon-induced Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing, DFWM, was applied for the first time to the detection of CO, and NH3 molecules. Measurements were performed in a cell, and in atmospheric-pressure flames. In the cell measurements, the signal dependence on the pressure and on the laser beam intensity was studied. The possibility of simultaneous detection of NH3 and OH was investigated. Carbon monoxid

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Vår arvsmassa finn's lagrad som linjära dubbelsträngade DNA-molekyler, kromosomer, i våra celler. Celler i vävnader och organ förnya's ständigt genom celldelning. Kromosomerna i en cell måste replikera's för att kunna ge upphov till två nya celler. Replikeringsmaskineriet har bara förmågan att arbeta i en riktning läng's meABSTRACT Telomerase activity is a potential molecular marker for cancer and primitive cells in regenerative tissues. The most commonly used method to measure telomerase activity in cells is the telomerase reverse amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, where the protein extracts derived from homogenized cells are analysed. In this thesis we focused on developing a method where telomerase activity co

The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate nature of adsorption of amphiphiles to the solid–liquid interface. The surface aggregate structures of the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyldimethylammoniopropanesulfonate, (DDAPS) and a series of nonionic polyoxyethlylene glycol alkyl ethers (C10E5, C12E5, C12E8, C10E6, C14E6 and C16E6) have been determined by Atomic Force Microscopy o

Popular AbstractSyftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka på vilket sätt teater med ungdomar, enligt ungdomarnas egna erfarenheter och utsagor om det, utgör en kollektiv bildningsprocess. I avhandlingens syfte ingår att analysera hur en teaterföreställning växer fram och att skapa förståelse för vad som sker mellan olika aktörer, främst mellan ungdomar och ledare.Forskningsfenomenet, unga människorThe objective of this research project is to investigate in what way young people's theatre playing, according to their own experiences, constitute a collective educational process. Also, the project aims at understanding the interaction between the different actors, and particularly between the young amateurs and their leaders. Young people's acting in this research project is understood from a p

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårtor (skivepitelpapillom) i hud eller slemhinna orsakas av papillomvirus. Kunskapen om detta virus var länge ganska liten eftersom det inte går att odla i cellkulturer, men med molekylärbiologins framsteg har förståelsen ökats. Varje djurart har sina egna papillomvirus och genom att jämföra nukleinsyrasekvenserna i DNA-kedjan hos olika virusisolat har man identifieratThe occurrence of genital human papillomavirus infection was determined in different categories of patients by means of PCR. In high proportion of young women attending an adolescent clinic, the presence of HPV DNA was demonstrated in simultaneously urethral and cervical samples, suggesting that genital HPV infections are often multifocal. Multiple HPV types were demonstrated in about half of the

In this work the lateral heterogeneity of the thylakoid membrane was investigated by quantifying the amount of photosystem I (PSI), photosystem II (PSII) and some PSII complexes and PSII proteins in different domains of the thylakoid. Grana, grana core, grana margins and stroma lamellae + end fractions were obtained by sonication and separation in a non-detergent, aqueous polymer two-phase system

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bindväv är ett samlingsnamn för vävnader som ger form och struktur i olika organ i kroppen. I brosk och ben utgör bindväven hela eller stora delar av organet, medan i andra organ, t.ex. muskel, är bindväven endast en liten del. Bindväv karaktäriseras av ett nätverk av proteiner och polysackarider (extracellulär matrix), som omger och produceras av en relativt liten andeThis thesis describes the structure and interactions of a novel extracellular matrix protein - PRELP (proline arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein). The amino acid sequence of PRELP showed that it belonged to the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein family in connective tissues. The main part of PRELP is composed of 10 LRRs flanked by disulfide bridges at the amino- and carboxy-terminal end

Popular Abstract in Swedish Antikroppar är viktiga beståndsdelar av det naturliga immunförsvaret som skyddar oss mot smittämnen, såsom bakterier och virus. Utvecklingen av olika genetiska och biokemiska teknologier har dessutom möjliggjort användningen av antikroppar för en mängd ändmål, bl a för diagnostik och behandling av infektionssjukdomar och cancer. I denna avhandling, som bygger på fem vetAntibodies are key players of the immune system in higher vertebrates, which provide a defense against potentially lethal threats from the environment. Besides their importance in the immune defense, antibodies have a great potential as reagents in biological chemistry and diagnostics, and as therapeutic agents against both infectious diseases and cancer. Despite tremendous advances in all fields

The Öresund Region is a transnational region encompassing areas of southern Sweden (Skåne) and southeast Denmark (Sjælland and Hovedstaden). The Energi Öresund project seeks to offer strategic and cooperative energy planning for the region as a whole in order to meet the energy goals of Sweden, Denmark, and its constituent local municipalities. The project is funded by EU INTERREG IV, a European U

The object of this thesis is to describe, analyze and understand the terms and meanings of the public information and the political communication for local democracy, in today´s media landscape, out of the interaction between the main parties of the local society in Sjöbo and Ystad and from the stand point of earlier research and theories. The study has analyzed the actions performed by citizens,

Popular Abstract in Swedish Insulinberoende diabetes mellitus (IDDM = Typ 1 diabetes), och kronisk sköldkörtelinflammation - autoimmun thyreoidit (AIT) anses idag vara orsakade av att de hormonproducerande cellerna angrips av kroppens eget immunsystem (sk. autoimmunitet). När sjukdomen ger sig till känna kliniskt finnes antikroppar (sk. autoantikroppar) riktade mot cellkomponenter i det hormonprodThe two most common autoimmune endocrine diseases in children are autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Autoantibodies (ab) can be found several years before clinical diagnosis in both diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of thyroid ab in children with IDDM and in children with allergic diseases; to study islet ab and t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling undersöker dagvatten som en resurs i svensk urban miljö. Fokus har varit öppna dagvattensystem för flödeskontroll och uppsamlingssystem för regnvatten. För att analysera realiserandet av öppna dagvattensystem, presenteras två fallstudier; Augustenborg i Malmö och Bäckaslöv våtmark i Växjö. De kvarhållande och fördröjande effekterna som uppnås med gröna This thesis investigates the beneficial use of stormwater in Swedish urban environments. The focus has been on open stormwater systems for source control, as well as rainwater collection systems. To analyse the implementation of open stormwater systems, two case studies are presented: Augustenborg in Malmö and Bäckaslöv wetland in Växjö. The retention and detention effects of green-roofs have been

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svenska Pommerns historia är en del av den svenska historien. Mellan 1648 och 1815 hörde den tyska Östersjöprovinsen till det svenska väldet. Denna avhandling skildrar människorna och deras syn på Sverige under de sista hundra åren av svensk tillhörighet mellan 1720 och 1815. Hur påverkades provinsens invånare av att å ena sidan räkna sig till den tyska kulturen och å aBetween 1648 and 1815, Swedish-Pomerania, at the Baltic shore, belonged to the crown of Sweden. It was both a part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation and the Swedish realm. The port town of Stralsund played a key roll in the Swedish economy at the Baltic Sea, whereas the university town of Greifswald was the intellectual centre. On a cultural level, this situation opened up for a double ins

Transforming growth factor-§ (TGF-§) is a potent, multifunctional growth factor affecting virtually all cell types, regulating critical physiological processes like immune response, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor development. A large number of studies in vitro have also implicated a critical role of TGF-§ in regulating hematopoiesis by inhibiting proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (

Nucleotide metabolism and replication of nucleic acids are processes of fundamental importance. A crucial enzyme in nucleotide metabolism is dUTPase (E.C. 3.6.1.23), that catalyses the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate. The activity of the enzyme has influence on the outcome of DNA replication and complete loss of enzyme activity is lethal, while a decreased activity promotes increased