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Large-scale protein conformational motions on nanosecond – microsecond time scales are important for many biological processes, but remain largely unexplored because of methodological limitations. NMR relaxation methods can access these time scales if protein tumbling is prevented, but the isotropy required for high-resolution solution NMR is then lost. However, if the immobilized protein molecule

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are neurohypophyseal hormones with potent stimulatory actions on the uterus. In order to determine whether these hormones may have a paracrine action on the uterus, OT and VP gene expression was studied in myometrium from pregnant rats at gestational ages of 14 and 20 days, and from ovariectomized animals treated with oestradiol and progesterone. OT and VP mRNA c

Liquid-crystalline cubic-phase nanoparticles (CPNPs) (known as Cubosome particles), based on the lipid glycerol monooleate and stabilized by the nonionic block copolymer Pluronic F-127, interact with supported model membranes consisting of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) in a complex and dynamic fashion. Neutron reflectivity measurements on the interaction of CPNPs with bilayers of different co

The prototypical antimicrobial peptide, melittin, is well-known for its ability to induce pores in zwitterionic model lipid membranes. However, the mechanism by which melittin accomplishes this is not fully understood. We have conducted all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations which suggest that melittin employs a highly cooperative mechanism for the induction of both small and l

The objective of this work is to establish under which conditions short RNA molecules (similar to miRNA) associate with zwitterionic phospholipids and how this differs from the association with cationic surfactants. We study how the base pairing (i.e., single stranded versus double stranded nucleic acids) and the length of the nucleic acid and the charge of the lipid/surfactant monolayer affect th

The oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) gives a range of products, from semi-volatile to extremely low-volatility compounds. To treat the interaction of these secondary organic vapours with the particle phase, global aerosol microphysics models generally use either a thermodynamic partitioning approach (assuming instant equilibrium between semi-volatile oxidation products and

Recent research on life in extreme environments has shown that some microorganisms metabolize at extremely low temperatures in Arctic and Antarctic ice and permafrost. Here, we present kinetic data on CO2 and (CO2)-C-14 release from intact and C-14-glucose amended tundra soils (Barrow, Alaska) incubated for up to a year at 0 to -39 degrees C. The rate of CO2 production declined exponentially with

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are reported as activated in excess in the morbidly obese state and, therefore, changes after weight loss can be anticipated. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a massive (similar to30%) weight reduction on the activation of the HPA axis and the ANS following bariatric surgery. Eight (7 women, 1 ma

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning I debatter och forskning om narkotikapolitik anges den svenska och nederländska modellen ofta som ett motsatspar. Såväl målet för, som utformningen av, narkotikapolitiken har framställts som radikalt olika. Detta synsätt kan sägas vara riktigt. Målet för den svenska narkotikapolitiken är att skapa ett narkotikafritt samhälle. Den nederländska strävar efteIn debates about the Swedish and Dutch drug policies are usually positioned as opposites. The goal for the Swedish drug policy is to create a 'drug-free society'; while in the Netherlands a harm reduction approach prevails. In this study a drug policy is considered a practice of formal social control that can develop differently depending on the contexts in which it emerged. The period studied sta

Den svenska arbetskraften har blivit äldre under 1900-talet. Under vissa perioder har denna åldrandeprocess accelererat, medan den har avtagit under andra perioder. I denna studie undersöks vilken roll dessa förändringar i åldersstrukturen spelar för genomsnittlig arbetsproduktivitet och ekonomisk tillväxt. Olika åldersgrupper besitter olika typer av humankapital, eftersom den individuella produktIn the 1900s the Swedish labour force underwent an ageing process, accentuated in some periods and stagnant in others. This study inquires into how, and to what extent, these demographic shifts in the labour market explain changes in average labour productivity and economic growth. Different age groups possess different types of human capital, leading to changes in individual productivity over the

Understanding how sensory information is used by motor systems for motor commands requires detailed knowledge about how the body shape and biomechanics are represented in the motor circuits. We have used the withdrawal reflex system as a model for studies of sensorimotor transformation. This system has a modular organisation in the adult. Each module performs a detailed and functionally adapted se

Researchers who desire to bring about change in organizational settings require approaches to inquiry which can go beyond superficial appearances and prejudice. In seeking to go beyond mere examination of socio technical systems researchers have developed a proliferation of different approaches. Many of these have drawn upon social and human sciences to ground methods and assumptions in philosophi

This Norm focussing article starts exploring the various influence processes that take place in connection with the dawn of a new theme - the environment and then sustainable development - in today's society. The Swedish society has in the early 1990-ies declared that educational institutions, places designed for the intentional influence, shall utilise the new environmental theme in its practice.

We investigate the star formation-feedback cycle in cosmological galaxy formation simulations, focusing on the progenitors of Milky Way (MW)-sized galaxies. We find that in order to reproduce key properties of the MW progenitors, such as semi-empirically derived star formation histories (SFHs) and the shape of rotation curves, our implementation of star formation and stellar feedback requires (1)

Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine tundra ecosystems. Here, we (1) synthesize these findings, (2) present a conceptual framework that identifies mechanisms and constraints on shrub increase, (3) explore causes, feedbacks and implications of the increased shrub cover in tun

BACKGROUND: As many as 88% of heart transplant recipients (HTRs) suffer from psychological distress. Both psychosocial factors and physical health are associated with increased psychological distress. However, the causes and impacts of psychological distress are unclear. HTRs strive for a sense of control over their health and daily lives in order to improve their psychological well-being. Perceiv

Modern working life is characterized by change and competiveness. It is also characterized by a drift away from low-skilled work to more complex jobs and increased social interaction. This means that the human resources employees and their skills, competencies, engagement and motivation are the greatest asset of many organizations. This has implications for how an organization can be healthy, i.e.