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This paper presents the design of a digital PLL which uses a high resolution Gated-Ring-Oscillator-Based Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for low noise RF application. The TDC uses two gated ring oscillators (GRO) acting as the delay lines in an improved Vernier TDC. The already small quantization noise of the standard Vernier TDC is further first-order shaped by the GRO operation. Addition
We present a dynamical study of the double parton distribution in impact parameter space, which enters into the double scattering cross section in hadronic collisions. This distribution is analogous to the generalized parton densities in momentum space. We use the Lund Dipole Cascade model, presented in earlier articles, which is based on BFKL evolution including essential higher order corrections
Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In order to successfully infect the human host, S. pyogenes is equipped with tools that modulate the human immune defence. The present thesis explores how different streptococcal proteins interfere with innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and blood coagulation. M protein is a surface-b
This thesis is about self-knowledge, self-regulation and self-control. All three of these terms are easily understandable, and apply to situations in our daily lives (like misjudging one’s own competence at retiling the bathroom floor, or feeling the anxiety and thrill of doing unsupervised work, or guiltily hitting the snooze-button for the fifth time, and missing half a day of school). The five
A 10-bit 5-MS/s successive approximation ADC cell and a 70-MS/s parallel ADC array based on this cell, designed and fabricated in a 1.2-?m CMOS process, are presented. The ADC cell was designed to have an input bandwidth of more than 35 MHz and a sampling time of 14 nS at a clock rate of 70 MHz. The parallel ADC array consists of 14 such cells which are timed in one clock cycle skew successively i
Initial results from the XUV undulator beamline at the 4.5 GeV storage ring DORIS are reported. The beamline consists of three different undulators mounted on a revolver type device and a modified SX-700 plane grating monochromator with a spherical focusing mirror. It covers the spectral range from 50–2000 eV with excellent spectral resolution and high photon flux. In the energy range 400 eV to 1
Popular Abstract in Swedish Allteftersom kraven på kvalité och prestanda hos dagens produkter ökar används alltmer avancerade material som en del av modern produktion. Problemet som uppstår är dock att dessa material ställer nya krav på tillverkningsprocessen och då inte minst vid skärande bearbetning. Trots att en betydande mängd forskning redan har publicerats vad gäller skärande bearbetning av As quality and performance demands on today’s products increases, more and more advanced materials are being used during modern production. The problem is however that this in turn place new demands on the machining processes utilized. Even though a significant amount of research has been published on the machining of these materials knowledge is still limited in several crucial areas. A problem w
Gift-for-sex (GFS) barters are a niche practice potentially representing the commodification of everyday dating practices. We inquire how GFS exchanges are practiced and understood in contemporary Russia. Second, we situate these in relation to contemporary economic culture. Our project provides answers in two steps based on online content. First, we identify GFS exchange practices within a major
Due to its gentle and high resolving power, chromatography is the work horse within protein separation. Still it is an expensive method due to low productivity, diluted product streams, large waste streams and expensive support material. This limits its potential use to areas of high price products. Therefore there is a clear interest to make the technology cheaper to use both for the existing pha
Popular Abstract in Swedish På 70-talet upptäckte man att en grupp mikroorganismer, som man tidigare katalogiserat som bakterier, bildade en helt egen grupp. Dessa kallades ärkebakterier och fick senare namnet arkéer. Arkéer är små (ca 1 tusendels millimeter) encelliga organismer precis som bakterier, men de skiljer sig på många sätt från dem. Till exempel har de en kemiskt annorlunda uppbyggd celDuring the last decade it has been discovered that around 2% of the soil-living prokaryotes belong to the domain Archaea. In many soils the most abundant archaeal group is the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) that, in addition to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), preform the first and rate-limiting step in the nitrification process. The knowledge of factors that regulates the archaeal abundance and
During the last decades, the distribution and abundance of many European species of birds, plants and insects in agricultural landscapes have declined due to agricultural intensification. To be able to mitigate these declines, it is essential to know the relative importance on local and regional ecological processes on population persistence and patterns of species richness. I have studied the ef
Popular Abstract in Swedish Trycksatt fluidiserande bädd förgasning är ett effektivt sätt för att omvandla biomassa till en gas som kan användas i olika tillämpningar: som bränsle till gasturbiner och förbränningsmotorer, som råvara till kemikalieproduktion eller som bas i tillverkning av syntetiska drivmedel. I motsatts till rötning och jäsning lämnar termisk förgasning inga kontaminerade restproFluidised bed thermal gasification of biomass is an effective route that results in 100 % conversion of the fuel. In contrast to chemical, enzymatic or anaerobic methods of biomass treatment, the thermal conversion leaves no contaminated residue after the process. The product gas evolved within thermal conversion can be used in several applications such as: fuel for gas turbines, combustion engine
Since about 25 years ago work has been dedicated to the development of hydrodynamical model atmospheres for cool stars (of A to T spectral type). Despite their obviously sounder physical foundation in comparison with standard hydrostatic models, their general application has been rather limited. In order to understand why this is, and how to progress, we review the present status of hydrodynamical
A stochastic model based on a probability density function (PDF) was developed for the investigation of different conditions that determine knock in spark ignition (SI) engine, with focus on the turbulent mixing. The model used is based on a two-zone approach, where the burned and unburned gases are described as stochastic reactors. By using a stochastic ensemble to represent the PDF of the scalar
Most of the world's energy generation is based on fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which already today but even more in the future, will cause various problems. One issue is their limited availability, which stands in conflict to the increasing global energy consumption. Another problem is the carbon dioxide generation caused by burning fossil fuels for energy production, and is thought to be on
We consider the implications of a model for long-duration gamma-ray bursts in which the progenitor is spun up in a close binary by tidal interactions with a massive black-hole companion. We investigate a sample of such binaries produced by a binary population synthesis, and show that the model predicts several common features in the accretion on to the newly formed black hole. In all cases, the ac
This paper argues that there is a norm in the publication of quantitative management research that accepted hypotheses are conceived of as good hypotheses. This has far-reaching implications for quantitative research in that, in the worst case scenario, this norm encourages commonsensical research questions and manipulation of data in order for an article to be published. Naturally, such behavior
