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Many patients with outlet obstruction secondary to prostatic enlargement have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and an increased frequency of micturition. The standard treatment is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which alleviates obstruction and symptoms. However, after TURP, 20–40 percent of patients continue to experience LUTSs. The aim of the present study in rats was to iden
A measurement of elastic deeply virtual Compton scattering gamma*p --> gamma p using e(+) p and e(-) p collision data recorded with the HI detector at HERA is presented. The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 306 pb(-1), almost equally shared between both beam charges. The cross section is measured as a function of the virtuality Q(2) of the exchanged photon and the ce
Direct ozone (O-3) injection is a promising flue-gas treatment technology based on oxidation of NO and Hg into soluble species like NO2, NO3, N2O5, oxidized mercury, etc. These product gases are then effectively removed from the flue gases with the wet flue gas desulfurization system for SO2. The kinetics and mixing behaviors of the oxidation process are important phenomena in development of pract
A semiconductor (InSb) showed transient metal- like heat conduction after excitation of a dense electron- hole plasma via short and intense light pulses. A related ultrafast strain relaxation was detected using picosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction. The deduced heat conduction was, by a factor of 30, larger than the lattice contribution. The anomalously high heat conduction can be explained o
Objective: The 4.2-day half-life I-124 favors its use for positron emission tomography (PET) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, high positron energy and beta(+)-associated cascade gamma rays pose image resolution and background noise problems for I-124. This study evaluated quantitative PET of an I-124 mAb in tumor-bearing mice. Methods: An R4 microPET (TM) (Siemens/CTIMI, Knoxville, TN) wa
All införskaffning av varor, tjänster och byggentreprenader som görs inom den offentliga sektorn ska som huvudregel föregås av en offentlig upphandling. Offentlig upphandling kan definieras som en urvalsprocess med vissa moment som till sist leder till att den upphandlande myndigheten tecknar avtal med en vinnande leverantör. Det upphandlingsrättsliga regelverket inom EU består främst av två direk
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has become popular in many research fields for the past two decades. NIRS technology uses near infrared light for measuring changes in the concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin. Noninvasive near-infrared absorption measurements in tissue have many invaluable applications in the medical field. Today NIRS is a very attractive technique w
Uganda has experienced extreme weather for example droughts and flooding for many years resulting from rainfall deficits and variability. With the increased manifestation of negative effects related to climate change and global warming, this challenge is becoming greater and greater. And with increased public awareness about disasters and disaster risks, communities are ceasing to portray droughts
Ocean acidification, caused by the increased uptake of anthropogenic CO2, describes a change in the ocean’s carbonate chemistry. While its chemical processes are well understood, less is known about its biological and subsequently socio-economic consequences. However, there is evidence that marine organisms will be adversely affected by a decrease in pH and carbonate saturation levels. Fishery is
Pågående konflikter i Syrien, Afghanistan, Somalia och Sudan har inneburit att antalet flyktingar i världen stigit till nivåer som inte uppmäts på decennier. Barn och ungdomar utgör en stor del av de människor som befinner sig på flykt, varav vissa av dessa flyr ensamma utan stöd eller närvaro av föräldrar, syskon eller nära släktingar. I en svensk och internationell kontext benämns dessa barn somOngoing conflicts in Syria, Afghanistan, Somalia and Sudan has meant that the number of refugees worldwide has risen to levels not measured in decades. Children constitute a big part of these refugees, some of them fleeing their homes without a parent or a legal guardian. In a Swedish and international context these children are often referred to as ”unaccompanied”. This term referrers to the chil
The semiconductor industry is one of the most technologically advanced and complex industries in the world, not only because of the extreme development pace, but also because of the necessary production processes to create the finished product. The value increase from silicon as raw material, to integrated circuits (IC), is equivalent to the transformation of sand into a product worth more than it
Monte Carlo-simuleringar har fått en ökad betydelse som forskningsverktyg inom nuklearmedicinsk bildgivning eftersom man på ett mycket kontrollerat sätt kan studera nästan vad man vill. I denna studie har datorsimuleringar av ett PET-system gjorts med ett program som heter GATE. PET (Positron Emission Tomography) är en nuklearmedicinsk bildgivningsteknik som används mer och mer inom sjukvården sIntroduction: Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool in research in the field of nuclear medicine imaging and there is a wide area of applications. The purpose of this work was (1) to understand the basics of the Monte Carlo simulation software Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE); (2) to create a model of Philips Gemini TF PET/CT system; (3) to run a number of simulations to comp
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Geologi är en ung gren av naturvetenskap. Det var inte förrän på 1800-talet som geologins ädla konst började diskuteras och detta trots att moral och religiös etik dikterade annat. Inte kunde väl jorden vara mer än 4000 år och borde inte Gud ha nämnt de där dinosaurierna i bibeln? Inte förrän mitten på 1900-talet började man till slut gräva fram ett och annat koThe mid-Atlantic ridge connects with land at the Reykjanes peninsula, Southwest Iceland. Iceland extends well over the whole ridge and allows for representative surface observations of sea-floor processes. Across the Peninsula the plate boundary is characterized by a rift zone, which encompasses leaky transform fault zone characteristics. Across a fissure swarm, connected with the Reykjanes volcan
Tetra Pak Global Technical Support AB (GTS) is a company within the Tetra Pak group which main task is to supply the whole world with spare parts for all kinds of Tetra Pak machines. GTS supplies about half a million different parts, which demands a large purchase organisation. This thesis deals with the so-called Sourcing purchase, which is a term for purchase of non-forecasted parts that have no
Environmental Assessment is an assessment of the likely effects a project might have on the environment. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider environmental impacts before deciding whether to grant permission to new projects. The method originated in the United States in the 1960s and it can be defined as the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mit
As almost three out of four EU citizens live in urban areas and this number is expected to further grow, studies on urban ecosystems and their services are crucial to understand a city’s environmental structure and capabilities. The European Commission has published a relative report which suggests an urban ecosystem condition indicator framework, yet without suggesting respective thresholds tha
I Sverige utgörs majoriteten av våra grundvattenresurser av isälvavlagringar i form av rullstensåsar och isälvsdeltan bestående av sand och grus. Isälvsavlagringarna är utan tvekan de mest betydelsefulla grundvattenförekomsterna för Sveriges dricksvattenförsörjning. Mer än 80% av landets alla vattenverk utnyttjar vatten från dessa resurser. En ojämn fördelning av grundvattenresurserna i kombinatioMost of Sweden’s groundwater resources are made up from glacifluvial deposits such as eskers and deltas that consist of sand and gravel. Glacifluvial deposits are certainly the most significant groundwater resources for drinking water supplies in Sweden. Groundwater resources are used to supply more than 80% of all the existing water plants nationwide. These important resources have an uneven dist
Elektromagnetiska vågor, även kända som radiovågor, är vågor som sprider sig med låga frekvenser från 3 till 30 kHz. Dessa lågfrekventa vågor används vanligtvis när man önskar kommunicera med ubåtar. De kan emellertid också användas på land för att mäta skillnader i jord– och bergarters elektriska konduktivitet. Denna mätteknik kallas Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) och har framgångsrElectromagnetic waves, also known as radio waves, which propagate at low frequencies of only 3 kHz to 30 kHz, are usually used for communication with submarines. However, these waves can also be used on land to measure differences in the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. This technique is called Very-Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (VLF-EM) and has been successfully used to gain an insight
To obtain a perspective of changes occurring in the marine environment it is essential to study an area over a long time span. Doing so might also facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms and processes that govern a certain marine setting. In this thesis, changes in the pelagic and benthic environment during the last c. 200 years have been investigated in two fjords on the Swedish west coast
