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Phosphoinositides (PIs) play major roles in cell signal transduction. Although it is clear that PIs are important components also in plant signalling, little is known about their roles in plant cells, compared to animal cells. This thesis describes work on two PI-dependent enzymes involved in plant intracellular signalling, phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and 3-phosphoinositide

Projektet Renässans 1.5 utgår ifrån det faktum att det i den traditionella produktutvecklingsprocessen normalt krävs flera iterationer i processens olika faser innan man kan nå en acceptabel kompromiss mellan estetiska krav och konstruktions- och tillverkningskrav. Den snabba utvecklingen inom optimeringsteknik och kunskapsbaserad konstruktion gör det möjligt att integrera ett datorbaserat formgivThe Renaissance 1.5 project was based on the observation that in traditional product development, several iterations are needed to obtain a compromise between engineering, manufacturing constraints and aesthetics. The rapid advances in optimisation methods and in knowledge-based engineering (KBE) make it possible to integrate engineering and manufacturing constraints in a computer-based industrial

Popular Abstract in Swedish Detta är en av de få större statsrättsliga studierna i Sverige på senare år. Vad som analyseras i boken är inte rättsläget beträffande någon enskild rättighet utan de skyddsmekanismer för de medborgerliga rättigheterna som finns i ett antal västliga rättssystem. Förutom Sverige behandlas Danmark, Norge, Finland, Tyskland, Frankrike, Storbrittanien och USA. Särskilda kapConstitutional Protection of Human Rights means something else than international protection, first and foremost since it is exercised at a national level. This protection may be excercised by courts or by special mechanisms of protection within the legislative process. However, if this protection of the basic rights of the individuals is to be a strong one, it is likely to limit the freedom of ac

The interdisciplinary symposium ”Microstructures of Learning: Novel methods and approaches for assessing structural and functional changes underlying knowledge acquisition in the brain” took place on May 23, 2014 in Lund, Sweden. The cross-disciplinary meeting brought together researchers from linguistics, psychology, physics, chemistry, and neuroscience in order to discuss how knowledge, in part

Popular Abstract in Swedish I en tid då vi är medvetna om problemen med beroendet av fossila material, både som energi- och råvarukälla, måste vi söka långsiktiga och miljömässigt hållbara lösningar. Katalys kan utgöra ett viktigt bidrag i detta arbete, då det möjliggör reaktioner som annars skulle vara svåra att genomföra på grund av en för hög energibarriär. I takt med den övriga teknologiska ut

Popular Abstract in English Jordan is a country with a rapidly growing economy, modernization and growing population. The rapid increase in volumes of solid wastes and a steady increase in the cost and logistical difficulties with the associated risk to human health is a source of concern. The increasing solid waste generated in Jordan has not been accompanied with adequate sanitation facilities aJordan is a country with a growing population that is undergoing rapid modernization. The increased volume of solid waste and associated logistical difficulties, the steady growth in the cost of waste management and the risk to human health are sources of concern. The increasing amount of solid waste generated in Jordan has not been accompanied by adequate sanitation facilities or management progr

Popular Abstract in Swedish Efterfrågan på shikimsyra, vilken återfinns i biosyntesvägen för bl.a. de aromatiska aminosyrorna tryptofan, fenylalanin och tyrosin, har under de senare åren ökat. Orsaken till detta är mestadels att den är råmatrial till antiinfluensamedicinen Tamiflu?. Den ökade efterfrågan har drivit fram nya tillverkningsmetoder såsom produktion via E.coli- fermentation. Även om maShikimic acid production using recombinant E.coli has been developed during the past 15 years due to the increased demand of this product, primarily as a starting material for the anti-influensa medicine Tamiflu?. A detailed metabolic analysis of a shikimic acid producing E.coli strain was made in the current work in order to increase the understanding of shikimic acid production and identify mean

Under aerobic conditions, most yeasts such as Kluyveromyces lactis, prefer the respiratory pathway and some, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae prefer less energy efficient fermentative pathway for their energy metabolism. These two metabolic strategies are also known as Crabtree negative and Crabtree positive respectively, and the evolution of the latter has lately been explained by the “make-accum

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kroppens immunförsvar är vårt skydd mot främmande "inkräktare", såsom virus, bakterier och parasiter. Om dessa mikroorganismer tar sig förbi de fysiska barriärerna, dvs. hud, slemhinnor saliv mm, aktiveras immunsystemet. Immun-försvaret kan delas in i det nedärvda eller naturliga försvaret samt det för-värvade försvaret. Det naturliga försvaret aktiveras först och huvudInterleukin (IL)-1beta is one of the most pleiotropic and potent cytokines, produced predominantly by activated monocytes and macrophages. IL-1 plays an important role in normal immunoregulatory processes but also in pathophysiological inflammatory responses. In the present study, we developed a model for active IL-1beta secretion. A retroviral vector containing a cDNA construct encoding the matur

Popular Abstract in French La rencontre des sexes est une nécessité pour la majeure partie des organismes appartenant au règne animal. Au cours de l’évolution, différentes modalités sensorielles, comme la vue, l’ouie et l’odorat, sont apparues et ont été perfectionnées pour permettre aux organismes de percevoir l’environnement qui les entourent, et de communiquer. Reconnaître ses pairs de ses enneChemical communication by means of sex pheromones is central to the mating systems of a wide range of organisms. Because reproductive isolation is often based on pheromone differences, understanding how pheromones diverge is necessary for a complete comprehension of the speciation process. Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) contributes highly relevant examples to the theory of speciation because subtle

Popular Abstract in Swedish Blodet består av olika typer av celler med olika funktioner. De röda blodkropparna transporterar syre till alla delar av kroppen, blodplättar stoppar blödningar och en rad olika vita blodkroppar försvarar oss från olika typer av angrepp från till exempel virus eller bakterier. Generellt för alla dessa olika typer av celler är att de är kortlivade och måste ersättas kontMature blood cells are crucial for life, but they have a short lifetime and thus have to be replaced. These mature blood cells are produced by lineage restricted progenitors, which themselves are generated by rare multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a highly dynamic process called hematopoiesis. In addition to the ability of HSCs to generate all blood cell lineages, they possess the uni

The second order random walk (RW2) model is commonly used for smoothing data and for modelling response functions. It is computationally efficient due to the Markov properties of the joint (intrinsic) Gaussian density. For evenly spaced locations the RW2 model is well established, whereas for irregularly spaced locations there is no well established construction in the literature. By considering t

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att celler ska kunna växa och dela sig behöver de många olika ämnen, till exempel vitaminer, mineraler och polyaminer. Polyaminer finns i alla celler och de krävs för att cellerna ska kunna dela eller specialisera sig. Cellerna kan både själva tillverka polyaminer och ta upp dem från omgivningen. I mänskliga celler finns framför allt de tre polyaminerna putrescin, sOur research group has previously shown that treatment with the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors a-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) or amidinoindan-1-one 2´-amidinohydrazone (CGP 48664) inhibited S phase progression before any other cell cycle phase was affected. This study was undertaken to further investigate the role of polyamines in the regulation of S phase progression and DNA synthesis. I hav

Summary in English This dissertation bears the title "Fusions as defined by the Swedish Companies Act 'ABL' of 1975 (14:8) - a study of tax, corporation and accountancy legislation". The dissertation constitutes a study of fusions from the perspective of (as the title suggests) taxation, corporation and accountancy legislation. The Swedish Companies Act (ABL) includes rules concerning two forms o

The balance between exploration and exploitation is one of the key problems of action selection in Q-learning. Pure exploitation causes the agent to reach the locally optimal policies quickly, whereas excessive exploration degrades the performance of the Q-learning algorithm even if it may accelerate the learning process and allow avoiding the locally optimal policies. In this paper, finding the o

Since the working environment act was passed in 1991 employers in Sweden are to plan and control the working environment conditions in workplaces. They are responsible for organized rehabilitation at the workplace including the development of rehabilitation plans and a plan for interventions in order for a sick-listed client to be able to return to work.The aim of this study was to describe employ

Generation of good non-repeatable and non-predictable random number sequences is of increasing importance, both in security applications and in simulations. A novel, compact system is presented in which a secure random number is generated by sampling a chaotic system and using this bitstream as the input to a pseudo-random generator. An optional hash function can be used on the seed in order to de