Filtyp
Although machine intelligence is increasingly employed in healthcare, the realm of decision-making in medical ethics remains largely unexplored from a technical perspective. We propose an approach based on fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs), which builds on Beauchamp and Childress' prima-facie principles. The FCM's weights are optimized using a genetic algorithm to provide recommendations regarding the i
During the COVID-19 pandemic, national triage guidelines were developed to address the anticipated shortage of life-saving resources, should ICU capacities be overloaded. Rationing and triage imply that in addition to individual patient interests, interests of population health have to be integrated. The transfer of theoretical and empirical knowledge into feasible and useful practice models and t
By appealing to the similarity between pre-vital and post-mortem nonexistence, Lucretius famously tried to show that our anxiety about death was irrational. His so-called Symmetry Argument has been attacked in various ways, but all of these strategies are themselves problematic. In this paper, I propose a new approach to undermining the argument: when Parfit’s distinction between identity and what
Background: With the sudden onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries rushed to implement guidelines for triage. Some were unprepared. In Germany, academic discourse had focused on criteria for triage, while often neglecting their translation into clinically applicable protocols in ICUs. Research Question: How did intensivists in German ICUs experience the institutional implementation of a nationa
When does a human being cease to exist? For millennia, the answer to this question had remained largely unchanged: death had been diagnosed when heartbeat and breathing were permanently absent. Only comparatively recently, in the 1950s, rapid developments in intensive-care medicine called into question this widely accepted criterion. What had previously been deemed a permanent cessation of vital f
ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a recommended psychological treatment for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), often delivered alongside pharmacotherapy, but dropout may limit its effectiveness. In this secondary analysis of a parent systematic review and meta-analysis focused on negative-symptom outcomes, we synthesized dropout among individual, face-t
I min avhandling undersöker jag hur rättspersonen och rättssubjektet bör förstås inom rättsvetenskapen. Detta gör jag genom att kritisera två grundläggande teser inom den moderna rättspersonsteorin: (i) den realistiska tesen, enligt vilken rättspersoner är människor, grupper av människor eller andra sorters icke-rättsliga entiteter; och (ii) rättssubjektstesen, enligt vilken alla rättssubjekt är fIn this dissertation, I investigate how the legal person should be understood within legal theory. I do so through a critique of two fundamental theses of modern legal person theory: (i) the realist thesis that posits that legal persons are human individuals, groups of human individuals, or other kinds of non-legal entities; and (ii) the legal subject thesis that posits that all legal subjects are
Disabled people face a disproportionate risk of injury and death in disasters. This thesis explores how cognitive accessibility shapes personal crisis preparedness and the possibility of acting when a crisis occurs. It asks how people with cognitive impairments can contribute to disaster risk reduction, and how planning methods and everyday environments can better support that contribution. The th
BACKGROUND: Anthrax is a serious infectious disease affecting animals and humans and remains a public health issue in developing countries.AIM: This study assessed the overall anthrax outbreak response and identified strengths, challenges, and best practices during surveillance, preparedness, and response in Ethiopia from May 2022 to July 2022.SETTING: Conducted in Arba Minch Town, Gamo Zone, Sout
Background: Evidence shows that the presence of a single component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of developing the MetS later in life. This study estimated the prevalence and associated factors of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, and the 3-factor MetS components among urban adults in Dire Dawa, East Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-se
BackgroundGlobally, in 2016, 23.3% of adult populations were physically inactive, and it accounts for 9% of the global premature mortality. However, evidence on the level of physical activity was limited in resource-poor settings. This study, therefore, assessed the adult’s level of physical activity and its correlates among the urban population in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 872
Background: Understanding socioeconomic disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality can help inform prevention and treatment strategies.Objectives: To quantify cause-specific mortality rates by socioeconomic status across seven health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) in five countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Nigeria) in the INDEPTH Network in sub-Saharan Afri
Britain’s prime minister, Andy Burnham, has said the recent suspected terror plot targeting RAF Fairford in Gloucestershire was “almost certainly” directed by Iran. The allegation has centred attention on how Iran projects power beyond its borders.
Aims: Charcot Foot (CF) is a neuropathy-induced condition that can lead to fractures and dislocation, warranting long-time offloading in total contact cast (TCC). It is unknown whether CF or its treatment increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study aims to retrospectively investigate the risk of VTE in people with CF during and after treatment. Methods: Individuals with diabetes
As AI, semiconductors, data centers, electric vehicles, and battery industries expand rapidly, electricity is becoming a critical resource for national industrial competitiveness. In the past, industrial zones were typically developed first and electricity infrastructure was subsequently built to serve them. The rise of electricity-intensive advanced industries is beginning to reverse this logic:
