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Inom EU har man under flera år arbetat aktivt med att fasa ut den hormonstörande kemikalien bisfenol A (BPA) som finns i plast i bland annat kvitton och matförpackningar. Utfasningen innebär dock inte att populationens exponering för andra liknande bisfenoler har minskat. Denna studie visar att när halterna av BPA hos befolkningen sjunker, ökar i stället exponeringen för snarlika ersättningskemikaBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical restricted by EU legislation. Consequently, the industry has transitioned to structurally similar substitutes, primarily bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF). This study aimed to investigate temporal trends in population exposure to BPA, BPS and BPF among adolescents in Skåne, Sweden, between 2000 and 2022 through measured urinary concentrat

This thesis investigates how the progression of protagonist Esther Greenwood’s depression, told through her illness narrative, can be read to comprehend her outlook on her suicide plans and attempts, and psychiatric treatments she receives by her doctors Gordon and Nolan, in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963). Previous research has studied the doctors’ treatments’ effects on Esther, and the portra

This bachelor's thesis examined the use of the German relative pronouns "was" and "das" in contemporary German. The focus was to examine how in modern German the relative pronoun "das" is used instead of "was" in sentences in which "was" according to German grammar is the correct relative pronoun. The focus was on relative clauses for the two a

Denna uppsats undersöker förutsättningarna för att tillämpa artikel 102 FEUF – särskilt doktrinen om strukturellt missbruk – som ett tillsynsverktyg i efterhand (ex post) för icke-anmälningspliktiga strategiska förvärv på digitala plattformsmarknader. Uppsatsens syfte är att kritiskt utvärdera hur unionsrätten balanserar principen om ändamålsenlig verkan (effet utile) mot transaktionsmarknadens krThis thesis examines the conditions for applying Article 102 TFEU – specifically the doctrine of structural abuse – as an ex post enforcement tool for non-notifiable strategic acquisitions in digital platform markets. The purpose is to critically evaluate how EU law balances the principle of effectiveness (effet utile) against the M&A market's need for legal certainty and predictability.

Uppsatsen undersöker hur svenska förvaltningsdomstolar tillämpar OECD:s Transfer Pricing Guidelines (TPG) vid prövningen av korrigeringsregeln i 14 kap. 19 § inkomstskattelagen, samt huruvida denna tillämpning är förenlig med legalitetsprincipens föreskrifts- och bestämdhetskrav. Internprissättning avser prissättningen vid transaktioner mellan närstående företag över nationsgränser. Eftersom marknThis thesis examines how Swedish administrative courts apply the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines (TPG) when adjudicating the correction rule in Chapter 14, Section 19 of Inkomstskattelagen (1999:1229), and whether this application is compatible with the principle of legality's requirements of statutory authority and legal certainty. The arm's length principle requires that terms between r

Concentration-based fluid biomarkers represent an informative and cost-effective way to detect and monitor Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, non-AD-related interindividual variation in biofluids can also affect biomarker concentrations. Here, we investigated whether normalization of CSF and plasma biomarkers to reference proteins, such as amyloid-β40 (Aβ40) and non-phosphorylated mid-re

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy, a subset of people with HIV experience low-level viraemia (LLV), a challenging condition with inconsistent definitions and management across settings. We conducted a scoping review of the literature and developed international consensus recommendations through a modified Delphi process involving a multidisciplinary panel of experts. Available evidence

Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with diverse clinical outcomes, and conventional pathological assessment alone is insufficient to capture its underlying biology. Gene expression profiling can stratify tumors into molecular subtypes with prognostic and predictive potential, but the reliability of transcriptomic classification and its clinical utility remains to be established. The tran

The field of attosecond physics has expanded significantly in recent years, yet experimental facilities supporting attosecond pump–attosecond probe spectroscopy remain rare. Here, we present a newly constructed beamline for the generation and application of energetic, isolated extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft x-ray attosecond pulses via upscaling of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in a gas medium

Background: Expression of CD25, the IL-2 receptor alpha chain, on human mast cells is primarily associated with aberrant mast cells in clonal mast cell disorders. However, the regulation of CD25 expression in normal, mature tissue-resident mast cells remains poorly understood. Objective: IL-33 is a key modulator of immune responses, including in lung inflammatory conditions. Because mast cells are

Abstract Study regionThree mid-high latitude catchments include the Krycklan (Boreal Sweden), the Danube (Central Europe) and the Mississippi (USA).Study focusWe develop a hybrid eco-hydrological framework that couples the process-based terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS (Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator) with five machine-learning (ML) algorithms through two hybrid model structure

The fluctuation of the Svalbard Barents Sea Ice Sheet is relatively well constrained during the Late Weichselian, yet its behaviour before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains elusive. Inter-fjord areas, largely covered by cold-based, non-erosive ice, have a higher preservation potential for older terrestrial records than fjord areas that were dominated by active ice streams during the Last Glac

On 13 May 2000, a fireworks depot exploded in a residential neighbourhood in Enschede, the Netherlands, killing 23 people and injuring nearly a thousand. Throughout the 1990s, Dutch biopolitical safety campaigns made the individual dangers of fireworks highly visible: the misused firework, the mutilated hand, the personal consequence. The collective risk of a depot in a residential area, by contra

The aim of this thesis is to examine how the public artworks Fossil Composition (1955), Stone Flower (1955) and Tousle (1952), through their bureaucratic municipal processes, reflect the broader ideological ideas of the welfare state, or Folkhemmet, between 1951 and 1956. It also aims to examine what notions of intended municipal identity can be identified through the discourses surrounding the ch

Early Warning Systems (EWS) are crucial for safeguarding communities, but are vulnerable to failure due to a technocratic focus that excludes local communities. This thesis closes the gap between normative participatory principles and practical implementation by exploring the entry points or challenges that affect community participation. Adopting a complexity theory lens, the study conducts a qua

Social cohesion has been defined in multiple ways by the literature, depending on the disciplinary perspective and context. Existing definitions commonly emphasize trust, solidarity, shared values, and social networks, treating social cohesion as a relatively stable condition. However, there remains a limited understanding of how social cohesion is experienced and constructed, specifically within

This thesis develops a Fourier-feature DeepONet surrogate model for predicting two-dimensional steady laminar flow fields around a rotating triangular obstacle. The aim is to learn the mapping from the obstacle rotation angle to the corresponding pressure, x-velocity, and y-velocity fields. A CFD dataset containing 121 cases was generated using ANSYS Fluent, covering rotation angles from 0° to 120

This thesis investigates the potential of hybrid interaction systems to support architectural communication through the integration of tangible interaction and browser-based augmented reality. Motivated by the communication challenges created by increasingly complex digital design processes, the research explores how physical and digital environments can be combined to facilitate participation, un

Ny laserteknik gör det enkelt att övervaka radioaktivt kol i havsmiljöer Idag mäts inte flytande utsläpp av kol-14 från kärnkraftverk, trots att isotopen anrikas i marina organismer. Ett nytt examensarbete visar att modern laserteknik kan göra övervakningen både billig och effektiv. Kärnkraftverk släpper regelmässigt ut små mängder radioaktivt kol, så kallat kol-14. Eftersom kol är livets byggstEnvironmental monitoring of Carbon-14 around nuclear power plants (NPPs) has traditionally prioritized gaseous emissions, leaving waterborne liquid discharges unmonitored due to low nominal volumes (<0.5%) and analytical challenges using traditional techniques. However, liquid releases do not experience as effective dilution as gas releases, instead discharging directly into coastal ecosystems whe

Urban form strongly influences sunlight access, a critical factor for well‐being in Nordic cities where low solar altitude and short winter days limit natural light. Despite its importance, solar access is often secondary in planning, as street layouts are typically shaped by topography, traffic, and existing infrastructure. Although analytical tools and historical examples highlight deliberate or