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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of target genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs can lead to disease, including cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among several factors, differential expression of miRNA can have serious consequ
Importance: There are limited efficacious treatments for Alzheimer disease. Objective: To assess efficacy and adverse events of donanemab, an antibody designed to clear brain amyloid plaque. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter (277 medical research centers/hospitals in 8 countries), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 18-month phase 3 trial that enrolled 1736 participants with
In the era of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, understanding the regulatory networks that drive cellular reprogramming is fundamental. The study entitled ‘‘Cross-lineage potential of Ascl1 uncovered by comparing diverse reprogramming regulatomes’’ published in Stem Cell Reports sheds light on the remarkable versatility of Ascl1, a transcription factor known for its pivotal role in neu
Importance: The association of early diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder with adolescent suicide mortality (ASM) is unknown. Objective: To assess regional associations between ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis frequencies. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between annual regional ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis rates in Swedish
Regular physical activity (PA) and limited sedentary time (SED) are highly recommended in international guidelines for patients after a myocardial infarction (MI). Data on PA and SED are often self-reported in clinical practice and, hence, reliable and valid questionnaires are crucial. This study aimed to assess the test–retest reliability, criterion validity and agreement of two PA and one SED qu
BACKGROUND: Numerous laboratory tests are used in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these assays varies substantially. APPROACH: An expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for laboratory analysis in screening, diagnosis, or monitoring of diabetes. The overall quality of the evidence and the strength of t
The structure of small metal crystals has been intensively examined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). In particular, multiply-twinned gold and silver crystals have been characterized using the profile-imaging method1,2 at atomic resolution, and reconstructed metal surfaces observed2. Crystal structure images of large gold clusters consisting of 55 gold atoms arranged in a cubeoctahedr
A large gold cluster with the formula Au55[(C6H5)3P]12Cl6, was imaged with a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and a proposed model was confirmed. Growth of gold crystals of approximately 4.0 nm size could be followed, row by row of atoms, with the use of a low light level TV camera and on-line image processing.
Structural rearrangements in small Pt crystals, which were initiated by the incident electron beam, have been studied in real time with a 400 kV high-resolution electron microscope equipped with TV image viewing and videorecording facilities. The phenomena of crystal growth, particle coalescence and atomic clouds above particular surfaces were recorded at the atomic level and have been analysed us
Small metal particles (
The growth of small supported metal crystals under the influence of an electron beam has been studied in real-time using a 400 keV ultra-high-resolution electron microscope. Samples of Pt, Rh, Cd and Zn supported on amorphous C or Si films were prepared ex situ and crystal growth in situ was recorded directly using a TV imaging/video system attached to the microscope. The different types of observ
An electron microscopy study of the new Bi-based high-temperature superconductor reveals an incommensurately modulated, pseudo-tetragonal, layered structure strongly reminiscent of the so-called Aurivillius phases. The systematic extinction conditions associated with the matrix and satellite reflections allow two possible space group symmetries for the average structure and two possible superspace
Humans have evolved voluntary control over vocal production for speaking and singing, while preserving the phylogenetically older system of spontaneous nonverbal vocalizations such as laughs and screams. To test for systematic acoustic differences between these vocal domains, we analyzed a broad, cross-cultural corpus representing over 2 h of speech, singing, and nonverbal vocalizations. We show t
The Bi-based superconductors of approximate compositions Bi2Sr2CuO6 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8, and the closely related Aurivillius phases, Bi2BaNb2O9 and Bi4Ti3O12, are discussed from a group theoretical point of view. The structural complexities associated with these phases are treated in terms of successive modulation of an appropriately chosen parent structure. The space-group symmetries of the two Aur
