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Background: Reliable exposure data is a vital concern in medical epidemiology and intervention studies. The present study addresses the needs of the medical researcher to spend monetary resources devoted to exposure assessment with an optimal cost-efficiency, i.e. obtain the best possible statistical performance at a specified budget. A few previous studies have suggested mathematical optimization
Astatine isotopes can be produced in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic targets through proton-induced double charge exchange reactions on bismuth or in secondary helium-induced interactions. Models implemented into the most common high-energy transport codes generally have difficulties to correctly estimate their production yields as was shown recently by the ISOLDE Collaboration, which measured releas
Several important observations emerge from this 2008 International Consultation "Bladder Cancer from Pathogenesis to Prevention". The following is a brief summary the issues that have been discussed in the articles from the meeting.
The diagnostic method for Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) involves rectal biopsy to determine the presence of histopathological findings for aganglionosis. Contrast enema (CE) and anorectal manometry help to support the indication for biopsies. Patients with HD lack a rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) that can be studied using manometry, ultrasound, or a modified contrast enema (CE), which provoke
This paper presents and discusses how virtual meetings (VMs) can be used as a Green IT-measure in an organization, by analyzing the experiences and results from the project ‘REMM’ involving 20 public agencies in Sweden. The paper describes the methodology used in the REMM project, how progress and results have been monitored, evaluating how well the approach has worked out and discussing how appli
Neurosin is a protease that in vitro degrades α-synuclein, the main constituent of Lewy bodies found in brains of patients with synucleinopathy including Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Several studies have reported reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of α-synuclein in synucleinopathy patients and recent data also proposes a significant role of α-synuclein in the
Background : Feminization of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a prominent phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. Inconsistent condom use among young people is one of the major risk factors in the continued propagation of the epidemic. Therefore, it is of importance to increase knowledge of gender aspects of condom use among young people. Objective : To investigate whether gender differences regarding ind
This letter reports on room-temperature electrical measurements of a Au/Ti-HfO2-InP/InGaAs diode fabricated by atomic layer deposition and electron beam lithography. At forward bias voltages, the diode shows memristor characteristics, whereas at reverse bias voltages, the diode can be characterized as a memcapacitor. A parasitic accumulation layer of charges formed at the high-kappa oxide/InP inte
Strong plasmonic-molecular resonance coupling occurs between noble metal nanocrystals and organic adsorbates when the plasmonic resonance is degenerate with the molecular one. This interaction forms the basis for many fundamental studies and practical applications. We describe here the first direct measurement of the resonance coupling on single gold nanorods. The dark-field scattering technique i
Aims. We present line identifications in the 1700 to 10 400 angstrom region for the Weigelt blobs B and D, located 0.'' 1 to 0 ''.3 NNW of Eta Carinae. The aim of this work is to characterize the behavior of these luminous, dense gas blobs in response to the broad highstate and the short low-state of. Carinae during its 5.54-year spectroscopic period. Methods. The spectra were recorded in a low st
Although the phenomenon of resistance to change has gained considerable attention in organization theory over the years, the meaning of the concept is rarely discussed. In this paper, a conceptual framework is suggested that distinguishes between four interpretations of resistance and builds upon the two variables of changeability and emotionality. Each interpretation is based on various assumptio
Background: Degraded extracellular matrix can stimulate the innate immune system via the Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4). In the pancreas, syndecan-anchored heparan sulphate (HS) on the ductal epithelium can be cleaved off its protein cores by the proteases (trypsin and elastase) and potentially activate TLR4 signalling. Methods: To investigate this signalling event, a low sulphated HS (500 mu g/ml) w
Zinc oxide nanorod-extended gate field effect transistor (MOSFET) is demonstrated for the detection of calcium (Ca2+) ions. ZnO nanorods were grown on the surface of a silver wire to produce an electrochemical nanosensor for selectively detecting Ca2+. The electrochemical response from the interaction between the ZnO nanorods and Ca2+ in an aqueous solution is coupled directly to the gate of a fie
This study investigates the effects that public sector reforms had in the cultural field in European countries over the past two decades. The study highlights changing conditions for public/nonprofit management due to governance and public sector reforms. It does so by applying a multidisciplinary literature survey methodology, which is rare in management studies. The literature survey identifies
This paper combines an atmospheric transport model and a terrestrial ecosystem model to estimate gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of the land biosphere. Using atmospheric CO2 observations in a Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System (CCDAS) we estimate a terrestrial global GPP of 146 +/- 19 GtC/yr. However, the current observing network cannot distinguish this be
