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Plesiosaurs are secondarily aquatic reptiles with a fossil record extending over 140 million years, and their fossilised remains have been found in sediments deposited in both warm, equatorial waters and cold, high-latitude environments. They are usually portrayed as a snake threaded through the body of a sea turtle. However, due to a general absence of preserved soft tissues, reconstructing the l

The digestion of food is known to have significant hemodynamic and metabolic effects where many have not been fully investigated. The potential effect of food intake could be interesting both from a physiological point of view and from a methodological point of view, as it could affect when blood samples are collected. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of food intake on 143

This chapter presents a novel analytical-experimental approach to performance practice studies within the field of new organology. The development of musical instruments in order to produce the sound colours demanded by aesthetic trends and compositional desires (or vice versa) has an inevitable impact on both performance and pedagogical traditions. Left unchecked, such transformations can easily

In the last column, we promised to return to one of the inevitable challenges that vibe coding leaves us with. At the AI Engineer World’s Fair 2025, OpenAI’s Sean Grove claimed that whoever writes the specification is now the programmer since AI can take it from there. Sounds amazing, but what gets lost along the way? To explore this, I’m joined by Jan-Philipp Steghöfer, a researcher at XITASO and

D-dimer has been proven to be an excellent rule-out marker for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with a sensitivity exceeding 95% while specificity remains low. We hypothesized that the addition of fibrinogen, which is decreased in ATAAD patients due to consumption coagulopathy, would increase predictive ability. This was an exploratory, retrospective, single-region, observational study compa

Recent research regarding internationalized higher education has recognized that although English is commonly used as the medium of instruction, students and teachers are highly multilingual. While there have been calls to transcend the limitations of being English-centric, the need to reconceptualize assessment practices to cater to the needs of multilingual learners has received much less attent

Can two items both be neutral in value yet differ in rank? I argue that they can, with significant implications: not everything neutral should be treated equally. This challenges the widespread assumption that neutral value marks a point of evaluative equivalence. I defend the intuitive case for neutral hierarchies through examples from aesthetics and welfare, then show that both major accounts of

This book examines how Gustav Radbruch, H. L. A. Hart, and Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde each addressed the question of the end of law, its function, and its normative foundation within the context of the modern legal and political order. Through a politico-theological reading, it highlights the tension between legal validity and moral legitimacy, as well as the extent to which law can maintain publi

This study evaluated the adaptation of relapse prevention treatment, originally for substance use, to address problematic gaming in children and adolescents. The goal was to understand the feasibility of this treatment in child and adolescent mental health services from the clinicians’ perspective. Six clinicians, four women and two men aged 37–47 with 4–20 years of work experience, were interview

Objective: Prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF), physicians can choose either recombinant or urine-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for ovarian stimulation. The common polymorphism N680S (rs6166) in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) has been linked to individual variability in ovarian response to FSH stimulation and IVF outcomes, including live birth rates, highlighting i

Despite the importance of the gut microbiome to health, the role of human genetic variation in shaping its composition remains poorly understood. Here we report genome-wide association analyses of harmonized metagenomic data from 16,017 adults in four Swedish population-based studies, with replication in 12,652 people from the Norwegian HUNT study. We identified variants in the OR51E1–OR51E2 locus

Objective: Clinical autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), presenting as either hypo- or hyperthyroidism, can occur at any age. Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin precede the onset of clinical AITD. We aimed to assess factors associated with AITD in children and determine if risk factors for AITD differ among the subset who have developed thyroid autoantibodies. Design: Prospec

Focus is a core component of information structure that highlights the most prominent element in a sentence. While pitch and duration are well-established prosodic markers of focus in Mandarin Chinese, the role of word length has received less attention. Due to historical developments, many Mandarin words exhibit elastic length, appearing in both monosyllabic and disyllabic forms. In modern Chines

Gene therapy is emerging as a groundbreaking strategy for treating epilepsy, offering new hope to patients who do not respond to conventional medications. Despite advancements in anti-seizure treatments, nearly 30%–40% of individuals with epilepsy continue to experience uncontrolled seizures, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and long-lasting solutions. By addressing the underlying c

Background: In addition to impairing the lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) also affects phonatory characteristics. Recent research highlights the potential of voice as a digital biomarker to support clinical decision-making. While machine learning (ML) can detect disease patterns from acoustic features, clinical relevance requires understanding the relationship between th

The search for predictors of plant diversity has challenged scientists for decades. Here we identify intense photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as a major factor constraining plant species richness in global grasslands. We show that the strength of the negative relationship between species richness and PAR increases with increasing elevation and that species richness is more strongly correl