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In this report, the synthesis of iron borides has been studied. Iron and boron powders have been mixed in amounts corresponding to 50 at-% of each element. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to observe any reactions taking place up to a temperature of 1550 °C at heating rates of 5, 10 and 10 K/min, both for pre-compacted Fe-B powder mixtures as well as loose powders. The results
De senaste 70 åren har regleringen avseende det personliga skadeståndsansvaret för styrelsen gentemot aktiebolaget i princip varit densamma. I takt med att samhället utvecklas ändras också förutsättningarna för aktiebolagen. Denna uppsats tar sikte på styrelseledamöters och den verkställande direktörens ansvar gentemot bolaget enligt 29 kap. 1 § 1p. Aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) (”ABL”), s.k. internFor the last 70 years the regulation of personal liability for damages regarding boards and CEO’s in their relation to their companies have not substantially changed in Swedish law. This thesis focuses on the accountability of board members and the CEO towards companies according to Chapter 29 1 § 1p. Companies Act (2055:551) (”ABL”), so-called internal liability for damages, (Sw: internt skadestå
Aktieteckning ska enligt ABL ske på en särskild teckningslista, och en aktieteckning som avviker från den föreskrivna formen är ogiltig. Löften att i framtiden teckna sig för aktier regleras däremot inte i lag. I rättsfallet NJA 1918 s. 394 ansågs ett löfte om aktieteckning vara oförbindande eftersom aktieteckningen inte gjorts på det i ABL föreskrivna viset. Med hänvisning till rättsfallet och fö
Forskning har visat att ett konstant ökat materiellt välstånd inte är möjligt med hänsyn till jordens begränsade resurser, klimatförändringarna eller för att möjliggöra en hållbar utveckling. Uppsatsen undersöker förhållandet mellan den norm att aktiebolagsverksamhet ska syfta till att maximera avkastningen till aktieägarna och därigenom nyttan i samhället, mätt i materiellt välstånd, och behovet Research has demonstrated a causal link between the consistent growth in total human material wealth over the recent centuries and the consumption of the Earth's limited resources at the expense of the natural environment. For a multiplicity of reasons, it is now clear that it is no longer possible for capital accumulation and the rate of growth to continue at the rate it previously has if an
Considering small farming as a viable and optimal solution to achieve sustainability, the following work presents La Tabacca – a small farm in the Northwest of Italy – not as a generalisable model but as one of the many expressions of current environmentalism. After three and a half months of fieldwork – using the tool of critical ethnography – different layers and elements of the place have been
Vid entreprenadprojekt uppkommer ofta tvister rörande entreprenörens rätt till tidsförlängning och ersättning för merkostnader. Vid sådana tvister kan det vara svårt för entreprenören att visa vad som har orsakat den händelse som entreprenören menar ger rätt till tidsförlängning eller ersättning, och hur stort behovet av tidsförlängning eller merkostnader är. Dessa svårigheter har lett till utveckIn construction projects it often arise disputes concerning the contractor’s right to an extension of time and compensation for extra costs. In these disputes it can be challenging for the contractor to prove what has caused the effect that the contractor consider entitle to extension of time or compensation for extra costs, and how great the need for an extension of time or extra costs are. Such
För att en styrelse ska anses ha rättshandlat i bolagets namn förutsätts att det är styrelsen, i den mening som avses i 8 kap. 35 § aktiebolagslagen (2005:551), ABL, som företagit rättshandlingen. Genom NJA 2005 s. 729 och NJA 2015 s. 312 har HD gjort bedömningar som påverkar innehållet i styrelsebegreppet. Enligt besluten är styrelsen behörig att teckna bolagets firma om den företräds av en sådanA prerequisite for the board of directors to commit a legal act on behalf of a company, is that the board has performed the legal act within the boundaries of the definition of the board found in chapter 8, section 35 of the Swedish Companies Act. In two decisions by the Supreme Court, NJA 2005 s. 729 and NJA 2015 s. 312, the court has passed judgements that affect the concept of the board. Accord
The determination of a state’s right of self-defence is a complex process. In order for the use of force to be justifiable as an act of self-defence several criteria have to be fulfilled. According to Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations a right of self-defence only exists when an armed attack has occurred. This is interesting because it had for a long time been argued, by states and in
Decentralized peer-to-peer networks offer several benefits over the today more commonly employed centralized client-server networks. Peer-to-peer networks allow for seamless distribution of web content over all participating nodes. This makes the hosting and access of web content much more fault tolerant, secure, faster and cheaper. However, today's peer-to-peer networks suffer from the inabil
The world is facing a protection crisis, where people are forced to flee their home countries to seek protection elsewhere, which leads to people risking their lives in dangerous attempts to get protection. These individuals are forced to use dangerous transfers since there are very few existing legal options. It is obvious that the situation of today is unsound and that the international communit
The demand for cheaper and more efficient solar cells is high. One way to decrease cost of material, while maintaining a high degree of efficiency, is to take advantage of nanomaterials. A thin film containing pn-junction nanowires can convert light with an efficiency comparable to traditional planar cells, while using a fraction of the material, and thus reduce costs. At the company Sol Voltaics
In order to examine how the wind at 10 m above the surface influences the sea ice motion in the Arctic Ocean, a correlation coefficient between wind and ice drift, an angle between wind direction and ice velocity and a reduction factor of the ice speed relative to the wind speed were calculated, using statistical methods. This was done on a 10 km by 10 km grid, for both winter, January to March, a
Arbetsgivare bär ett skadeståndsrättsligt ansvar för skador orsakade av dess arbetstagare, under förutsättning att skadan vållats i arbetstagarens tjänst. Detta kallas att arbetsgivaren har ett principalansvar. Sommaren 2015 utspelade sig en händelse på det sociala mediet Twitter som kom att ge upphov till intressanta frågeställningar kring omfattningen av arbetsgivares principalansvar. En journalAn employer can be held liable for damage caused by its employees provided that the damage was caused in the course of employment. This is known as vicarious liability (principalansvar). In the summer of 2015 an incident on the social media Twitter gave rise to interesting questions about the scope of an employer’s vicarious liability. A journalist working at one of the larger newspapers had poste
This study aimed to analyze how psychologists reflects on the patient's shame experience in the therapy situation and how they identify the patient's shame in the clinical work. The following research questions guided this study: how the respondents reflect on the patient shame experience in therapy; how they identify the patient's shame in therapy; how the respondents reflect on shame
Due to the current refugee crises the question of asylum seekers’ right to work has gained renewed relevance. This paper analyzes the Swedish regulations regarding asylum seekers’ access to the labor market de lege ferenda. Due to the many similarities between Germany and Sweden, the German regulations are studied from a comparative perspective, with the aim of assessing whether some of the German
The phenomenon of increased bee mortality has reached wide attention and concern among Swiss farmers. This thesis analyses, from a phenomenological approach, how the farmers - as agricultural key actors interacting closely with honey bees - perceive increased bee mortality as a risk. The quantitative analysis indicates that the age, the perception of the future of global agriculture and all farm
Uppsatsen tar avstamp i den ökning av människor som vill söka asyl i Europa som skett under hösten 2015 och våren 2016 och medlemsstaterna i EU:s åtgärder för att hantera detta. Dessa åtgärder består bland annat av stängda gränser, resande av taggtrådsstängsel, upprättande av gränskontroller och transitzoner och genomföranden av snabba gränsförfaranden. Förfarandena har kritiserats för att strida This thesis starts of in the increase of people seeking protection in Europe in the autumn 2015 and spring 2016 and on EU member states actions to handle this. These measures consist, inter alia, of closed borders, erecting barbed wire fences, the establishment of border controls and transit zones and implementation of rapid border procedures. The procedures have been criticized as contrary to the
Uppsatsen undersöker EU-domstolens tolkning av begreppet ”privaträttens område” i art. 1.1 Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EU) nr 1215/2012 av den 12 december 2012 om domstols behörighet och om erkännande och verkställighet av domar på privaträttens område (omarbetning) (Bryssel Ia-förordningen). Begreppet, som bestämmer förordningens materiella tillämpningsområde, definieras inte i föroThe essay examines the CJEU's (Court of Justice of the European Union) interpretation of the concept "civil and commercial matters" in art. 1.1 Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of 12 December 2012 on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (recast) (Brussels Ia-regulation). The concept, which determines the material scope of the regul
The State of Palestine is drafting a new constitution to replace a patchwork of foreign and outdated legislation, and to harmonise national law with dozens of ratified international treaties. Since its 2012 ascension from non-member observer ‘entity’ to non-member observer ‘state’ in the UN, Palestine has signed fifty-five multilateral treaties covering a wide range of areas. All treaties have bee
