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After more than four decades of presence in the manufacturing industry, discrete event simulation has established itself as a powerful technology for a wide range of strategic, tactical, and operational applications in production, logistics, and supply chain management. Discrete event simulation software packages - although not entirely adequate - are relatively capable, and methodologies for perf

The Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell has been investigated for a long time because it has a high power density, low emission, wide choice of fuel sources, etc. However, the performance of a stack of PEM cells degrades with respect to that of a single cell. This is mainly due to the introduction of the manifold in which supplies the reactants to individual cells. The manifold can induce an

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TiO2(B) was used as a support for vanadium oxide with loadings in the range 1/4 to 10 theoretical layers. The vanadium could be separated into two parts, which were soluble and insoluble in NH3(aq), respectively. Insoluble vanadium, in an amount corresponding to a complete monolayer at high loadings, was present as V4+ in freshly prepared catalysts. Diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy was used t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Regnvatteninsamling genom översvämningskontroll för artificiell grundvatteninjektering är en traditionellt använd metod i arida och semiarida Iran. Metoden har använts under flera tusen år för att öka andelen vatten som kan användas till jordbruksproduktion. Under de senaste 100 åren har emellertid mycket av den traditionella kunskapen om dessa metoder fallit i glömska Groundwater depletion in arid and semiarid areas is of increasing concern. Increasing water demand due to increasing population and climate change impacts have intensified the water shortage problems and put further stress especially on groundwater. Water harvesting techniques have been traditional solutions to water scarcity problems in the arid and semiarid Middle East for thousands of years. Th

We demonstrate the possibility of non-intrusive in-vivo human sinus studies by diode laser gas absorption spectroscopy. Molecular oxygen in tissue-l ike phantoms were investigated in a practical backscattering detection geometry for frontal sinus studies both experimentally and numerically using the Monte Carlo concept, implemented in the Advanced Systems Analysis Program (ASAP (TM)) software. Lig

A new Doppler-free laser spectroscopy method is demonstrated that employs modulation of the position of a laser beam rather than the commonly used intensity or polarization modulation. The technique is applicable in saturated absorption as well as fluorescence measurements, as is illustrated in experiments on sodium and iodine lines. A particular feature of the method is that Doppler- and backgrou