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We intended to perform optical and structural measurements on larval zebrafish eyes at 5 days post fertilization, that is, the earliest age at which zebrafish show visually guided behavior. However, excised larval crystalline lenses deteriorated quickly if immersed in a medium that gives good results with adult lenses from a variety of fish species. We suspected that the larvae have body fluids of

A Scania 13 1 engine modified for single cylinder operations was run using nine fuels in the boiling point range of gasoline, but very different octane number, together with PRF20 and MK1-diesel. The eleven fuels were tested in a load sweep between 5 and 26 bar gross IMEP at 1250 rpm and also at idle (2.5 bar IMEP, 600 rpm). The boost level was proportional to the load while the inlet temperature

The current research focuses in understanding how inlet pressure, EGR, combustion phasing, engine speed and pilot main ratio are affecting the main parameters of the combustion (e.g. efficiency, NOx, soot, maximum pressure rise rate) in the novel concept of injecting high octane number fuels in partially premixed combustion. The influence of the above mentioned parameters was studied by performing

Using alternative fuels like Natural Gas (NG) has shown good potentials on heavy duty engines. Heavy duty NG engines can be operated either lean or stoichiometric diluted with EGR. Extending Dilution limit has been identified as a beneficial strategy for increasing efficiency and decreasing emissions. However dilution limit is limited in these types of engines because of the lower burnings rate of

The behavior of Ethanol and seven fuels in the boiling point range of gasoline but with an Octane Number spanning from 69 to 99 was investigated in Partially Premixed Combustion. A load sweep was performed from 5 to 18 bar gross IMEP at 1300 rpm. The engine used in the experiments was a single cylinder Scania D12. To allow high load operations and achieve sufficient mixing, the compression ratio w

Finding the correct top dead center (TDC) offset for an internal combustion engine is harder than it seems. This paper introduces a novel method to find the TDC offset based on a simple assumption that the heat loss power through the combustion chamber walls is constant for motored cycles in a narrow crank angle interval around TDC. The proposed method uses nonlinear least squares optimization to

It is tractable to increase the torque for an HCCI engine and one way is to add a turbocharger. Operating in HCCI mode requires accurate control of the combustion phasing, CA50. The higher the engine torque, the narrower the CA50 window becomes where HCCI operation is maintained. As the CA50 varies stochastically between cycles this requires improved CA50 control for turbo HCCI engines. The main f

By using a turbo the operating range of the HCCI engine can be increased, but at the expense of increased controller complexity. The dynamics the turbo introduces in the intake and the exhaust manifolds, have a large impact on the in-cylinder mixture temperature, pressure and finally the combustion phasing. To compensate for this and to maintain desired combustion phasing, precise control of the n

For diesel engines the major exhaust problem is particulate matter and NOx emissions. To reduce NOx, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is often used. The behavior of the EGR-level will therefore influence the emissions and it is therefore valuable to keep track of the EGR-level. Especially during transients it is difficult to predict how the EGR-level varies. In this paper the CO2-level in the intak

Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC) is a combustion concept by which it is possible to get low smoke and NOx emissions simultaneously. PPC requires high EGR levels and injection timings sufficiently early or late to extend the ignition delay so that air and fuel mix extensively prior to combustion. This paper investigates the operating region of single injection diesel PPC in a multi cylinder heav

In this paper, we review one of the oldest paradigms used in animal cognition: the detour paradigm. The paradigm presents the subject with a situation where a direct route to the goal is blocked and a detour must be made to reach it. Often being an ecologically valid and a versatile tool, the detour paradigm has been used to study diverse cognitive skills like insight, social learning, inhibitory