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Despite increasing access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in low-income countries, HIV-related mortality is high, especially in the first months following ART initiation. We aimed to evaluate the impact of TB coinfection on early mortality and to assess gender-specific predictors of mortality in a cohort of Ethiopian adults subjected to intensified casefinding for active TB before starting ART.

Summary: The ability of macrophages to eradicate intracellular pathogens is normally greatly enhanced by IFNγ, a cytokine produced mainly after onset of adaptive immunity. However, adaptive immunity is unable to provide sterilizing immunity against mycobacteria, suggesting that mycobacteria have evolved virulence strategies to inhibit the bactericidal effect of IFNγ-signalling in macrophages. Stil

At a full-scale wastewater treatment plant, raw municipal wastewater from the sand trap outlet was mechanically and physicochemically pre-treated before microfiltration (MF) in a large pilot-scale study. MF was performed using a low transmembrane pressure (0.03 bar) without backflushing for up to 159 h (∼6.6 d). Pre-filtration ensured stable MF operation compared with the direct application of raw

Water scarcity issues associated with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation is a ubiquitous problem occurring globally. Addressing future challenges will require a combination of new technological development in water purification and environmental remediation technology with suitable conservation policies. In this scenario, new bioinspired materials will play a pivotal role in the devel

Purpose: To report incisional hernia (IH) incidence, abdominal wall (AW) discomfort and quality of life (QoL) 5 years after open abdomen treatment with vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM). Methods: Five-year follow-up of patients included in a prospective study 2006–2009. The protocol included physical examination, patient interview, chart review, questionnaire

In this paper, we correlate the growth of InAs nanowires with the detailed interface trap density (Dit) profile of the vertical wrap-gated InAs/high-k nanowire semiconductor-dielectric gate stack. We also perform the first detailed characterization and optimization of the influence of the in situ doping supplied during the nanowire epitaxial growth on the sequential transistor gate stack quality.

The number of cancer survivors continues to increase worldwide. Many of these survivors have had children of their own. It is less well-known whether radiation therapy or chemotherapy could affect the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death for these children. To explore this research questions, we identified all women diagnosed with cancer between 1958 and 2012 from the Swedish Cancer Register and

Inherited hypercoagulable states (i.e. thrombophilia) have been suggested to be involved in retinal vascular occlusion but results are divergent. Vascular micronutrition and ischemia have been hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This nationwide study determines the importance of family history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion (RVO

Cholera epidemics are caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139, whereas strains collectively known as non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae are found in cases of extraintestinal infections and bacteremia. The mechanisms and factors influencing the occurrence of bacteremia and survival of V. cholerae in normal human serum have remained unclear. We found that naturally occurring IgG recognizing V. cho

This paper proposes an automatic method for the identification of twisted pairs (TPs) sharing the same binder, based on the analysis of phantom circuit measurements. This type of circuit is often used for improving data transmission rates in communication systems, but in this paper, phantoming is used to reveal if a four-wire loop composed of two TPs is close enough and well balanced in order to b

Chemical kinetic mechanisms for simulation of syngas (H2 + CO) combustion are important for development of efficient practical applications, such as gas turbines. A useful syngas mechanism has to be able to accurately predict laminar burning velocities, ignition delays, and oxidation of gas mixtures of varying composition over a range of temperatures and pressures. In the present work, the perform

Skatteavtal är folkrättsliga avtal som ingås mellan stater för att underlättagränsöverskridande ekonomiska aktiviteter. De avtalsslutande staterna ärskyldiga att begränsa sina skatteanspråk enligt avtalets regler. Denna bokhandlar om hur skatteavtalens funktion att begränsa nationella skatteanspråkförhåller sig till nationella generalklausuler mot skatteflykt. Fråganhar blivit allt viktigare i och

A new strategy of multi-objective structural optimization is integrated into Austin-Moore prosthesis in order to improve its performance. The new resulting model is so-called Improved Austin-Moore. The topology optimization is considered as a conceptual design stage to sketch several kinds of hollow stems according to the daily loading cases. The shape optimization presents the detailed design sta

Observations of sea level and precipitation in Malmö, Sweden in the southeastern part of the sound Öresund have been used to estimate the probabilities of local compound events of high sea level and large daily and hourly rains. There are observations of sea level and daily rains extending back to 1930. The observations of short-term rainfall are from 1980 and onwards. Most large rainfalls come in

Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) is a conditionally soluble enzyme located in the thylakoid lumen and catalyses the conversion of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, which are located in the thylakoid membrane. These reactions occur when the plant or algae are exposed to saturating light and the zeaxanthin formed is involved in the process of non-photochemical quenching that protects the

Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is a very powerful tool with which the fire protection engineer systematically can analyze fire safety problems. Risk analysis methods have during the last decades become more common for analyzing fire safety problems. This is partly because of the development of fire simulation tools enabling a quantitative estimation of the consequences. The increased use of risk

We analyze theoretically a superlattice structure proposed by A. Andronov et al. [JETP Lett. 102, 207 (2015)] to give Terahertz gain for an operation point with positive differential conductivity. Here we confirm the existence of gain and show that an optimized structure displays gain above 20 cm-1 at low temperatures, so that lasing may be observable. Comparing a variety of simulations, this gain

According to Ruth Chang the three standard positive value relations: “better than”, “worse than” and “equally good” do not fully exhaust the conceptual space for positive value relations. According to her, there is room for a fourth positive value relation, which she calls “parity”. Her argument for parity comes in three parts. First, she argues that there are items that are not related by the sta

Large-scale food storage has been identified at an Early Mesolithic settlement on the east coast of Sweden, implying a delayed-return subsistence strategy. The excavation and analysis of the contents of a 9200-year-old construction, combined with ethnographic analogies and modern knowledge of microbial activity, suggest that fish was fermented at the site. The identification of a foraging economy

Six new species of Hieracium sect. Tridentata, viz. H. piranhae, H. xanthochlorum, H. bertilssonii, H. erectiramum, H. rigescoides and H. subpardalinum are described from the Götaland region, southern Sweden and H. gothicum var. blekingense is raised to specific rank as H. blekingense.