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We present a model of how an individual’s preference for a specific behaviour canevolve as an adaptation to her social environment. Our key assumptions are that thedecision maker (DM) (i) is boundedly rational in her ability to process information andevaluate which actions yield the highest payoff and (ii) can develop a subjective prefer-ence for actions. A stronger preference for an action reduce
revisit the US stock market during COVID-19 and investigate the effect ofnews sentiment and the pandemic on herding behavior in an extended, dynamic,version of the model introduced in Chang et al. (2000). This extension is motivatedboth econometrically and theoretically and the results indicate that treating herdingas a dynamic phenomena may reveal insights into the mechanisms driving thisbehavio
This paper identifies monetary policy shocks for Sweden. Based on the written language indocuments prepared by staff ahead of Riksbank policy meetings, I construct text-based regressors that are shown to systematically predict shocks identified with standard methods such asthe Romer and Romer (2004) Greenbook approach and high-frequency identification. Defin-ing text-based monetary policy shocks a
This entry provides an analytical account of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), examining its emergence from the failure to realise universal human rights for persons with disabilities and the participation of organisations of persons with disabilities in its negotiation. It examines the Convention’s origins, the breadth and structure of its rights, its understanding
Acquiring and exploiting memories of rewarding experiences is critical for survival. The spatial environment in which a rewarding stimulus is encountered regulates memory retrieval. The ventral hippocampus (vH) has been implicated in contextual memories involving rewarding stimuli such as food, social cues or drugs. Yet, the neuronal representations and circuits underlying contextual memories of s
Anxiety plays a key role in guiding behavior in response to potential threats. Anxiety is mediated by the activation of pyramidal neurons in the ventral hippocampus (vH), whose activity is controlled by GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. However, how different vH interneurons might contribute to anxiety-related processes is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of vH parvalbumin (PV)-express
Spontaneous neuronal activity and concomitant intracellular Ca2+ signaling are abundant during early perinatal development and are well known for their key role in neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation and wiring. However, much less is known about the in vivo patterns of spontaneous Ca2+ signaling in immature adult-born cells. Here, by using two-photon Ca2+ imaging, we analyzed sp
Ur förordet:Designen på vardagsnära produkter spelar en viktig roll för att underlätta energi- och resursbesparande beteende. Denna rapport är baserad på projektet ”Standardalternativ som potentiellt verktyg för att främja energieffektivt beteende”. Projektet syftar till fördjupad förståelsen för hur standardalternativ påverkar användare och hushållens energianvändning genom designen. Resultaten g
Salmonella enterica can persist asymptomatically within tissues for extended periods. This is achieved through intricate host–pathogen interactions in immune cell aggregates called granulomas, wherein Salmonella establish favourable cellular niches to exploit while the host limits its expansion and tissue dissemination. Here, using a mouse model of persistent Salmonella infection, we identify a ho
Salmonella enterica is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens found worldwide, resulting in approximately 100 million infections and over 200 000 deaths per year. Salmonella isolates, termed ‘serovars’, can largely be classified as either nontyphoidal or typhoidal Salmonella, which differ in regard to disease manifestation and host tropism. Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes gastroenteritis in
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium must adapt to rapid environmental shifts, including those encountered upon entry and during replication to survive within macrophages during pathogenesis. Despite extensive RNA-seq-based investigations, questions remain regarding the range, timing and magnitude of response dynamics. Here we constructed a comprehensive GFP-reporter strain library representing
Host-pathogen interactions involve two critical strategies: resistance, whereby hosts clear invading microbes, and tolerance, whereby hosts carry high pathogen burden asymptomatically. Here, we investigate mechanisms by which Salmonella-superspreader (SSP) hosts maintain an asymptomatic state during chronic infection. We found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for this disease-tolerant
Macrophages provide a crucial environment for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) to multiply during typhoid fever, yet our understanding of how human macrophages and S. Typhi interact remains limited. In this study, we delve into the dynamics of S. Typhi replication within human macrophages and the resulting heterogeneous transcriptomic responses of macrophages during infection. Our stud
Introduction: Acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) affects a large proportion of women. Increased antimicrobial resistance has created an urgent need for novel therapeutics and the phytotherapeutic drug BNO 1045 (Canephron® N) has previously been shown to be noninferior to standard antimicrobial stewardship. This sub-analysis from a randomized, double-blind, controlled phase II
Alternating marine inflow and continental outflow make southern Sweden a suitable region for investigating natural and anthropogenic contributions to background particulate matter (PM). However, interpreting dust and marine aerosol sources remains challenging because their source signatures often overlap during atmospheric transport. This study investigated aerosol sources at the Vavihill and Hylt
