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This thesis examines why authoritarian breakdown can produce fundamentally different regime outcomes, comparing the cases of Spain and Iran. Spain transitioned to democracy following the end of Francoist rule in 1975, while Iran's 1979 revolution produced a new authoritarian system. Drawing on democratic transition theory, the study develops an analytical framework centered on four interrelate
Peacebuilding through the use of disarmament, demobilisation, and reintegration (DDR) programmes is implemented in many post-conflict settings. One factor concerning DDR processes is national ownership, defined as national authority over the planning and implementation of DDR. The necessity of national ownership is debated, with some arguing that national ownership is crucial throughout the DDR pr
As Finland withdraws from the Ottawa Treaty during 2026, a legal dissonance emerges within the closely integrated Swedish-Finnish defence cooperation. This study examines how anti-personnel mines are constructed as a problem in Sweden and Finland respectively, following Russia's full scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Using a WPR analysis (What's the Problem Represented to Be) combined wit
The attempt to give Africa the economic growth they were denied during colonialism seems to be a Western project, to alleviate them of the blame of the destruction they themselves created. Yet many of the ways used today can be argued to maintain structures created by imperialist powers to be in control, and thus today stay in control. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship betw
In recent years, a wave of protests has swept the South Asian subcontinent. These protests have been spearheaded by Generation Z, a generation that has been described as disillusioned with, and disconnected from, politics. The protests have been met with disproportionate state violence, despite generally following non-violent disciplines. Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are two such countries. This thesi
During Chávez’s presidency (1999-2013), Venezuela experienced an increase in lethal violence, becoming one of the most violent countries in the world. In contrast, Ecuador saw a significant decline in homicide rates during the presidency of Correa (2007-2017). This thesis examines why two countries with similar conditions such as oil dependency, socialist governments and geographical locations, ex
This study examines why some separatist insurgencies negotiate while others continue armed struggle, focusing on BRN-C in Southern Thailand and the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) in Myanmar. Despite similar ethnoreligious, peripheral, and long-standing conflicts, BRN-C entered negotiations with the Thai state in 2025, while KIO continued its insurgency. Using a Most Similar Different Outco
A Free-Electron Laser (FEL) is a light source capable of producing extremely brilliant light pulses over a wide spectral bandwidth, with pulse lengths ranging from a few hundred picoseconds down to the femtosecond time scale. These pulses are generated and amplified through the interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a co-propagating radiation field in an undulator, a process either start
The combination of photonics and nano-structures offers a multitude of solutions for artificial neural networks. Light is not only fast, but reduces the clutter and energy losses associated with wired connections. Energy demand is further reduced by implementing nano-components, which decreases the size of the footprint. Researchers are developing a nano-chip that combines sensing and neural compu
Spatial omics for comprehensive investigation of the tumor immune microenvironment has the potential to guide treatment and decision-making in the immuno-oncology setting. However, their use in the clinical setting remains limited due to high costs, time consumption and complexity. Image2Count, a deep learning model for deconvoluting molecular expression from low-plex (4 to 5-color) immunofluoresc
Electron-lattice interactions play a large role in determining physical properties of crystalline solids, such as electrical resistance and superconductivity. Properties like these are not only of theoretical interest, but also of practical importance when designing new materials. A key quantity describing these interactions is the electron-phonon coupling, which links atomic displacement to chang
Brädspel blir alltmer populära, vilket gör det ännu viktigare att deras regelböcker går att läsa och förstå. Denna uppsats syftar till att analysera språkbruket i strategiska brädspel i förhållande till klarspråk och forskning om instruerande text, men också att undersöka spelarnas uppfattning om spelens regelböcker. Metoden för undersökningen består av en textanalys av spelen Terraforming Mars, R
Stora delar av det svenska bostadsbeståndet kännetecknas av nyttomaximering och konformitet. Examensarbetet undersöker några av Sveriges mest unika bostadshus, nämligen vattentorn som ombildats till bostäder. Författaren intresserades av ämnet på grund av ett uppmärksammat bostadsvattentornsprojekt i sin hemstad och kopplar fenomenet till två vanligen förekommande begrepp i civilingenjörsutbildninWith time buildings are prone to lose their purpose. Meanwhile cities face demand for urban densification. This paper focuses on obsolete water towers repurposed to unique housing in Sweden. In Sweden 15 water towers have been turned into multy-family dwellings. This has resulted in 266 flats of which 156 are reserved for students. The total floor area of these are 12 761 square meters. Origin
Verifiering av tekniska egenskaper inför återbruk av prefabricerade massiva betongbjälklag är en komplex process som kräver projektspecifika bedömningar. I detta arbete har ett tillvägagångssätt tagits fram för ett mer generellt fall i hopp om att kunna appliceras på en större brädd av olika projekt, under premissen att det anpassas efter projektsspecifika förutsättningar. Tillvägagångssättet har The verification of technical properties associated with the reuse of prefabricated solid concrete floor slabs is a complex process that must be assessed on a project-specific basis. In this thesis an approach has been developed for a more general case, with the intention that it may be applied across a broader range of projects, provided that it is adapted to project-specific conditions. The appr
This study investigates how organizations make sense of machine-generated digital trace data, focusing on the interpretation of LUCAS device telemetry at Jolife. While such data is highly granular, it lacks contextual information, creating challenges in translating technical outputs into meaningful representations of real-world use. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative
Denna studie undersöker hur slutpriset vid exekutiva försäljningar av småhus och bostadsrätter förhåller sig till bedömt marknadsvärde och till prisbildningen på den frivilliga marknaden. Exekutiva försäljningar som genomförs av Kronofogdemyndigheten(KFM) skiljer sig från frivilliga transaktioner på ett grundläggande sätt: de sker under tvång, med begränsad objektinformation och en reglerad försälThis study examines how transaction prices of forced sales of single-family houses and tenant-owned apartments relate to assessed market value and to prices on the free market. In this study, the term forced sales is used to describe enforcement sales conducted by the Swedish Enforcement Authority (Kronofogdemyndigheten, KFM). Forced sales differ fundamentally from voluntary transactions in that t
Fiji, located in the Pacific Ocean, is classified as a Small Island Developing State and is characterised by a high rate of internal migration. This research explores the factors influencing mobility at the individual level in Fiji. Our study aims to uncover patterns of migrant selectivity and variations in migration tendencies among diverse groups within the Fijian population. The analysis consid
We present a novel method for in-line acoustofluidic separation of cancer cells directly from whole blood. We report for the first time the observation that blood cells can self-organize when packed closely together in an acoustic field. We utilize this effect to enrich K-562 cancer cells and white blood cell subpopulations from whole blood at normal hematocrit levels. Further, we investigate the
Finding and maintaining adequate housing is an increasingly serious struggle for many. To what extent the right to housing in international law offers a way out of this struggle is a crucial question that requires careful thinking. This chapter offers a perspective for answering this question by focusing on a particular group: migrants and refugees. To do so, it examines the dynamics of how the riFinding and maintaining adequate housing is an increasingly serious struggle for many. To what extent the right to housing in international law offers a way out of this struggle is a crucial question that requires careful thinking. This chapter offers a perspective for answering this question by focusing on a particular group: migrants and refugees. To do so, it examines the dynamics of how the ri
