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The novelty of MARS, and its innovation potential, is rooted in its approach comprising: 1) A solid international consortium, with participants based in 18 countries, involving leading specialists studying migratory processes in non-Western migration hubs, such as the Middle East, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, the Balkans, North Africa, the Gulf States, West and Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America,
https://www.norca.lu.se/novelty - 2026-08-09
A multi‑level, interdisciplinary toolkit for studying alternative orders POLCA’s methodology integrates theory‑driven design, multi‑level case analysis, and mixed methods to study the interplay of formal and informal orders in non‑Western governance. It synthesizes legal pluralism, socio‑legal theory, political economy, anthropology, and public administration to render authoritarian and hybrid leg
https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/methodology - 2026-08-09
The MARS’s research programme is concerned with exploring such pressing questions as (1) whether empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives obtained from the study of non-Western migration locales actually contribute any generally valid lessons or knowledge that can inform the broader field of migration studies today; (2) or, whether these perspectives are marginal cases that are far too spec
https://www.norca.lu.se/project-rationale - 2026-08-09
To construct this narrative and clearly articulate the multi-layered framework, the project's research has been divided into three Research Streams. These streams will entail the analysis of non-Western migration locales from (1) multi-level, (2) multi-geographic, and (3) comparative perspectives, as outlined below.
https://www.norca.lu.se/research-streams - 2026-08-09
RS1: Global context: Situating non-Western immigration and refugee laws and policies in global and comparative perspectives aims to examine immigration and refugee laws and policies and migrants’ experiences in non-Western migration locales vis-à-vis the global (Western-centric) migration management tendencies and processes. Special emphasis will be placed on understanding such issues as (1) how n
https://www.norca.lu.se/research-streams/research-stream-1 - 2026-08-09
RS2: Regional context: Regional migration governance regimes, flows, and processes in non-Western settings focus on (emerging) regional migration patterns, tendencies, and dynamics in the context of non-Western migration locales. The focus on regional migration is driven by the understanding that international migration is regionalized, meaning that migration and mobility take place predominantly
https://www.norca.lu.se/research-streams/research-stream-2 - 2026-08-09
RS3: National context: Migration governance in non-Western, non-democratic migration locales examines the interplay between (a) immigration laws and policies and (b) migrants’ experiences in non-Western, non-democratic migration locales. The analysis of these processes requires us to adopt to a context-sensitive approach due to the fact that many non-Western migrant-receiving countries are nondemo
https://www.norca.lu.se/research-streams/research-stream-3 - 2026-08-09
The MARS project is implemented through a broad international network of academic institutions, policy organisations, and civil society actors.Project partners are organised into two categories, reflecting their formal role in the Horizon Europe project structure:BeneficiariesInstitutions that are signatories to the Horizon Europe Grant Agreement and are formally responsible for the implementation
https://www.norca.lu.se/consortium - 2026-08-09
Lund University Coordinator Marmara University University of Helsinki İstanbul Medipol University Vilnius University Leiden University Ozbek Kadin Haklari Dernegi (Türkiye) University of Eastern Finland The Paris Lodron University of Salzburg
https://www.norca.lu.se/consortium/beneficiaries - 2026-08-09
University of Zurich University of Tsukuba University of Bristol Kurultai PE General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan The American University in Cairo (AUC) Tashkent State University of Law University of the Western Cape The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Public Foundation "Vatandoshlar” Nazarbayev University University of Ghana Universidad Torcuato D
https://www.norca.lu.se/consortium/associated-partners - 2026-08-09
https://www.norca.lu.se/publications-0 - 2026-08-09
Heusala, Anna-Liisa, Kaarina Aitamurto, and Sherzod Eraliev. (2024). ‘Introduction: The Mutual Impact of Global Migration and Illiberalism in Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe’. In Global Migration and Illiberalism in Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe, edited by Anna-Liisa Heusala, Kaarina Aitamurto, and Sherzod Eraliev, 1–34. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-2
https://www.norca.lu.se/publications-0/book-chapters - 2026-08-09
Why POLCA—and why now?The wave of democratic optimism that accompanied the end of the Cold War has been tempered by a global expansion of authoritarian rule and hybrid governance forms. In many post‑socialist societies, formal legal transplants and institution‑building have coexisted with persistent informal orders and low trust in state institutions. Mainstream reform strategies, often designed a
https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/rationale - 2026-08-09
Edited Volumes, Monographs and Research Reports Heusala, A.-L., Aitamurto, K. and Eraliev, S., 2024. Global Migration and Illiberalismin Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-26Eraliev, Sh. (Ed.). (2025). Migration Governance Beyond the West: Historical Legacies, Contemporary Trends, and Future Trajectories. Media-Tryck, Lund U
https://www.norca.lu.se/publications-0/books - 2026-08-09
Genc, H. D., & Kahraman, F. B. (2026). Methodology and Semi-Structured Interview Questions of the Study: Migration Direction within the Social Determinants of Health Framework: International Students in Türkiye and South–South Mobility [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18712169
https://www.norca.lu.se/publications-0/working-papers - 2026-08-09
Sherzod Eraliev, Rustamjon Urinboyev, Daniyar Kaldiyarov, Azamat Mukhtarov, Daniya Nurmukhankyzy (2024). Legal, illegal, digital Usbekische Migranten in Russland und der Türkei in ”Fließbild Politik und Gesellschaft in Zentralasien”. Osteuropa 8-10/2024. Manfred Sapper, Volker Weichsel (Hg.). ISBN: 3-8305-5630-5 Eraliev, S., & Urinboyev, R. (2024). Social Media, Anti-Corruption Activism and Democr
https://www.norca.lu.se/publications-0/journal-articles - 2026-08-09
SOCIAL Sociology of Authoritarian Law: Insights from Central Asia POLCA The Political Economy of Legal and Governance Reform in Non-Western Societies. Insights from Central Asia MARS Non-Western Migration Regimes in a Global Perspective (link to another website) MOCCA Multilevel Orders of Corruption in Central Asia (link to another website) CENTRAL ASIAN LAW Legal Cultures and Business Environment
https://www.norca.lu.se/home - 2026-08-09
International and Regional Norms, Initiatives, Discourses, Institutions Reading contested norm entrepreneurship in EurasiaResearch Stream 1 investigates how international and regional norm entrepreneurs shape, contest, and transform Central Asia’s governance landscape. Western actors—EU member states, international organizations, and development agencies—diffuse rule‑of‑law, human rights, and good
https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/streams/stream-1 - 2026-08-09
National/Central‑Level Processes, Initiatives, Policies, Laws Inside hybrid legality: executive by‑laws, parallel sectors, and reform trajectoriesResearch Stream 2 explores the inner workings of national legal design and governance in Central Asia. It focuses on alternative, non‑Western, and traditional structures; executive decrees and by‑laws that create parallel governance sectors; administrati
https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/streams/stream-2 - 2026-08-09
Local Meso‑/Micro‑Level Institutions, Actors, Social Norms, Practices Everyday orders: morality, trust, and compliance beyond formal venuesResearch Stream 3 turns to the everyday arenas where citizens, entrepreneurs, civil society actors, and low‑level officials navigate ethics, legality, respectability, solidarity, and stigma. It studies societal watchdogs, informal mobilization, legal pluralism,
https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/streams/stream-3 - 2026-08-09
