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Fuel economy and emissions are the two central parameters in heavy duty engines; most of the existing heavy duty engines are run with diesel. The overall efficiency of diesel engines is good however they suffer from high levels of emissions mainly NOX and soot. Using alternative fuels like Natural-Gas has shown to be a good way to reduce emissions level. Diesel engines can be easily converted to N
Highly compacted bentonite has been proposed as the buffer material in the Swedish concept for the disposal of nuclear waste. To increase the knowledge of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated swelling bentonite a series of laboratory experiments was carried out. The main purpose was to conceptually model the hydro-mechanical behaviour of the bentonite. The influence of testing techniques
All cellular organisms in aquatic environments are susceptible to virus attack. Viruses are the smallest but most abundant biological entities in freshwaters. This thesis describes interactions between viruses and bacteria in temperate and polar freshwaters with particular emphasis on Arctic and Antarctic aquatic systems. Free virus-like particles in freshwaters are vulnerable and exposed and as p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den tekniska infrastrukturen i ett land rymmer en rad verksamheter vilka är att betrakta som naturliga monopol. För att hindra att monopolställningen missbrukas har verksamheterna ofta lagts under offentligt huvudmannaskap och regleringar har införts bland annat för att styra prissättningen. Priset regleras vanligtvis genom att avgiftsuttaget måste stå i någon form av rThis thesis, which consists of three studies illustrating different angles of approach, discusses problems pertaining to accounting and allocation costs in municipal water and sewage enterprises. Water and sewage enterprises are financed by charges to users, and are generally run under the auspices of a municipal administration or within the framework of a municipal company. User fees are regulat
Meta Isæus-Berlin at Skissernas museum Many visitors will surely remember Ett vattenhem (A Water Home), five strikingly ambiguous furnished rooms set out on a low podium in the middle of the main walkway at the Bo01 Housing Fair in Malmö in 2001. The Hall and the Bathroom, at opposite ends of the long and narrow, windowless pavilion, were open to the world and visible from outside. The Bathroom
Semiconductor nanowires have properties that make them potentially useful for applications in future electronic, photovoltaic, and optoelectronic devices. A powerful nanowire fabrication technique is the use of a nanoparticle as a preferential nucleation site, from which a nanowire grows. There has been significant progress in nanowire growth assisted by Au nanoparticles over the past 20 years. Ho
Coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light sources are necessary for the investigation of physical processes in the natural length and time scales of atoms. These experiments require a high degree of control of the coherent XUV light. The optical components and techniques, which are available for visible and infrared light, unfortunately cannot be used for controlling XUV light. In this thesis, nove
Internal combustion engines have been the most used engine design when it comes to vehicle propulsion and transportation. But as the number of vehicles increase, new problems arise as well. Engine emissions such as carbon dioxide that has an effect on a global scale and other harmful emissions that affect on a local scale such as soot and nitrogen oxides are on the rise, forcing the countries to t
In order to combat the effects of climate change, it is important to use a combination of solutions to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible. Carbon capture and sequestration is one such technology that can be used to significantly reduce the carbon footprint of many industrial plants. A mature technology for CO2 capture, amine-based post-combustion capture, is readily available today. How
Konsten att flyga har uppstått fyra gånger under evolutionens gång: hos fåglarna, fladdermössen, insekterna och de nu utdöda flygödlorna. En av dessa grupper – insekterna – har varit otroligt framgångsrik: insekter står för ungefär 80% av världens arter. Troligtvis har förmågan att flyga bidragit till deras framgång. Men trots att det finns många fördelar med att kunna flyga – man kan till exempel fly frAerodynamic theory states that the power required to fly is related to flight speed with a ∪-shaped curve. This has been shown in vertebrates, but insects have been proposed to have a flat, or J-shaped power curve. This means that hovering – flying at zero speed – is energy-efficient, which would explain why it is a relatively common flight mode in insects. In this thesis I show that some insects do, in
Agricultural intensification has led to dramatic population declines among many farmland bird species. Negative effects of intensive farming in terms of decreased local habitat quality or structural simplification of farmland landscapes have reduced both reproductive outcome and winter survival of many species. Studies investigating agricultural effects on migrating birds using farmland as stopove
Det har i doktrin hävdats att underrätters rättstillämpning i mål rörande beskattning av oredovisade intäkter inte uppfyller de krav på rättssäkerhet som ställs i skatteprocessen. I denna uppsats utreds huruvida så är fallet. De frågeställningar som uppsatsen bygger på är vilka krav som ställs på rättssäkerhet i skatteprocessen, hur beskattning av oredovisade intäkter sker, vilken bevisbörda och vIt has been claimed in literature that the application of the rules about taxation of unreported income by Swedish administrative courts is insufficient from a legal certainty perspective. This essay considers whether this is the case. The essay is centered around the following questions: What are the requirements regarding legal certainty in the tax procedure? How is unreported income taxed? Who
Vi befinner oss i en tid där väl utformad design utgör en eftertraktad konkurrensfördel vid reklam- och saluförandet av produkter. Det blir därför allt viktigare för formgivare och företag att kunna skydda sina immaterialrättsliga prestationer för att kunna kapitalisera på dem. Inom ramen för de immaterialrättsliga regelverken finns det möjligheter till skydd för en designprodukts utseende inom upWe are currently at a day and age when well-designed products represents a sought after competitive advantage in the advertising and sales of goods. It is therefore becoming increasingly important for designers and companies to be able to protect their intellectual property rights and capitalize on them. Within the framework of intellectual property rights, it is possible to achieve protection of
Det framgår av 7 § LAS att en uppsägning måste vara sakligt grundad. Vad som utgör saklig grund för uppsägning finns inte närmare angett i lag mer än att en uppsägning inte är sakligt grundad om det är skäligt att arbetsgivaren erbjuder arbetstagaren annat arbete hos sig, 7 § 2 st. LAS. Arbetsgivarens omplaceringsskyldighet gäller både vid uppsägningar på grund av personliga skäl och uppsägningar For a dismissal to be lawful it must fulfil the just cause requirement stipulated in Section 7 of LAS. The just cause requirement is not defined in neither LAS nor any other statute. Section 7 of LAS only explains that just cause will not be found if it is reasonable to demand that the employer provides the employee with different work tasks or transfers the employee to some other available positi
How audiences engage with news has not always gotten a lot of attention in academic and industry research; and, even then, it is often studied in terms of exposure and interaction. This does not fully capture the dynamism and multidimensionality of this phenomenon; and industry attempts to apply market principles to engagement risks depoliticizing and reducing it to economic values. Rather than po
Title: Development of a Forecasting Model for Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Components. A Design Science Study at Tetra Pak. Authors: Faruk Kodzaga & Giacomo Daniele Supervisor: Jan Olhager, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics Background: The importance of accurate demand forecast is set due to the drivers of short lead-times, just-in-time-deliveries and cost effective
Nowadays, people spend 90% of their time indoors, thus creating a healthy indoor environment for occupants is of great importance. Lighting in office spaces is an important aspect when it comes to occupant health and well-being. Research in the field of lighting has mostly been focusing on the visible light spectrum and image-forming (IF) processes. However, with the discovery of melanopsin contai
One of the cleanest ways of transporting goods is at sea. However, the emissions from ships increase and with a wider knowledge about the environmental consequences caused by the emissions, requisite regulations are needed. This thesis deals with air emissions of sulphate (SOx) - and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions cause negative environmental effects both by direct pollution and by forming
The aim of this study is to examine whether there exists a right of humanitarian intervention in customary international law. The point of departure is the principle of non-use of force in customary international law. The International Court of Justice established in the Nicaragua Case that the principle of non-use of force not only is a jus cogens norm, but that it also has the basic identity of
Parterna till en företagskoncentration måste ofta ändra den planerade transaktionen för att kommissionen anser att den påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen inom gemenskapen. Kommissionen ser helst att de berörda företagen erbjuder sig att avyttra en verksamhet för att på så vis på ett permanent sätt upprätthålla eller återställa konkurrensen på marknaden. Denna typ av strukturellt korParties to a merger often need to change their original transaction plan because the commission’s investigation shows that the merger would lead to significant impediments of the effective competition on the common market. The Commission prefers the undertakings to divest such businesses or assets necessary to permanently maintain or restore an effective competition on the common market. However,
