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Background: Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a musculoskeletal disorder that affects approximately 10% of the population. It is more common in women than in men. It is important to understand how CWP develops and how it is maintained in order to prevent poor pain prognosis. Long term studies have shown that a mere part improves over time or fluctuates in their CWP condition. Female gender is one o

Global data sets of the stable carbon isotope composition of plant leaves, of CO2 in canopy air, and of CO2 in the background atmosphere were compiled and compared to results of a global vegetation model (BIOME4) that simulated, at these three scales, the magnitude, direction, and timing of fluxes of CO2 and C-13 between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Carbon isotope data on leaves were classifi

Background: Dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have demonstrated endocrine disrupting properties. Several of these chemicals are carcinogenic and positive associations have been suggested with breast cancer risk. In general population, diet represents the main source of exposure. Methods: Associations between dietary intake of 17 dioxins and 35 PCBs and b

BACKGROUND: Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have broad potential as screening tools in primary care and disease-modifying trials. Detecting elevated amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology to support trial recruitment or initiating Aβ-targeting treatments would be of critical value. In this study, we aimed to examine the robustness of plasma biomarkers to detect elevated Aβ pathology at different

Frequency-dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological pro

Share and repair organizations (SROs) have important implications for resource efficiency and socio-economic sustainability in cities, but their potential to contribute to long-term urban resilience has yet to be systematically investigated. Knowledge is scarce about how these nascent circular initiatives can provide building blocks for socio-economic recovery in the wake of recent crises such as

Background: Sex pheromones are essential in moth mate communication. Information on pheromone biosynthetic genes and enzymes is needed to comprehend the mechanisms that contribute to specificity of pheromone signals. Most heliothine moths use sex pheromones with (Z)–11–hexadecenal as the major component in combination with minor fatty aldehydes and alcohols. In this study we focus on four closely

Software architecture, the underlying structure to a software system, is an asset which can be invested in. Such investments can later be capitalized on in the form of e.g. increased flexibility and enhanced maintainability. These benefits may be gained in a system developed in one project, but are much more visible in a strategic perspective when several projects share resources. Architectural de

Introduction: Career termination, an inevitable step in every athlete’s career, has received increased attention within sport psychological research. A career termination that results in psychological problems is of special concern for sport federations, organizations and clubs. Research has shown that it is crucial to consider an athlete’s the reason for career termination. There is evidence that

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av tre teoretiska uppsatser inom förhandlingsteori och Social choice. Den första uppsatsen försöker bibehålla den entydiga jämvikten i Rubinsteins förhandlingsmodell när man utökar förhandlingsspelet till att omfatta fler än två spelare. Vi åstadkommer en entydig delspelsperfekt jämvikt i en förhandlingsmodell med tre spelare genom att anta att spelaThis thesis consists of three theoretical essays on Bargaining and Social Choice. The first essay addresses the problem of retaining the uniqueness of equilibrium when extending the Rubinstein model to accommodate more than two players. We achieve a unique subgame perfect equilibrium in a bargaining model with three players by assuming that the players make demands in a clockwise order and practic

Popular Abstract in Swedish I ett väderälskande land som Sverige finns det väl ingen som inte är bekant med den väderkarta som ger oss information om hur prognosen för den närmaste tiden ser ut? Många av oss tittar dagligen på väderrapporten och låter den hjälpa oss att bestämma om vi ska cykla eller ta bussen, sätta på grillen eller laga mat i ugnen. Genom enkla visualiseringar i form av sol, regWith the aid of modern computer technology the application of visualization and simulation technology has become increasingly important in today’s society. Through computer modelling it is possible to experience, understand and explore environments, systems or objects in two or three dimensions and to see, hear and sometimes tangibly feel them. It may be environments or objects that do not yet exi

Fibrin gel structure has been shown to be dependent on the thrombin concentration as well as the rate of thrombin generation. Accordingly, factor VIII (FVIII)and FIX-deficient plasma (hemophilia A and B) form loose fibrin clots with high permeability constants. By adding rFVIIa in vitro to FVIII-deficient plasma containing platelets (frozen and thawed), the fibrin gel permeability constant normali

Background: In implementing new programs of care, such as person-centered care, there is a risk that the focus will be at an organizational level, instead of a level that describes what happens in the personal development among staff. The aim of this study was to describe experiences of the implementation process of a learning supporting model designed to increase patient involvement and autonomy

Stridsåtgärder anses vara en av grundpelarna inom svensk arbetsrätt och fungerar som ett medel att balansera ut makterna på arbetsmarknaden. Sympatiåtgärder är en typ av stridsåtgärd som regleras internationellt såväl som nationellt. Internationellt regleras sympatiåtgärder genom ILO:s konvention 87, artikel 11 i EKMR samt artikel 6 i Europeiska sociala stadgan. Nationellt är rätten till sympatiåtIndustrial actions are a part of the Swedish Model and a way to balance out the powers controlling the labour market. A component to this are sympathy measures, which are regulated both internationally and nationally. Sympathy measures are regulated through ILO Convention 87, Article 11 of the European Convention of Human Rights and Article 6 of the European Social Charter. The regulations of nati

En på senare tid omdiskuterad fråga är om skadeståndsskyldighet vid avtalsbrott i allmänhet förutsätter oaktsamhet från den avtalsbrytande parten eller om skadeståndsskyldigheten bygger på någon annan subjektiv ansvarsgrund. Rätten att göra påföljder gällande vid avtalsbrott är en central del av avtalsrätten och för att skadeståndsskyldighet ska uppstå vid avtalsbrott krävs det att flertalet rekviA frequently debated question is if liability for damages requires negligence from a contracting party that is in breach of contract or if the basis of liability has another form. The right to inflict sanctions on a contract breaching adversary is a key part of contract law and several necessary conditions need to be fulfilled for a party to be liable for damages. The purpose of this essay is to e

Staters rätt till självförsvar är ett undantag till det generella våldsförbudet och utgör ett såväl centralt som flitigt omskrivet område inom folkrätten. Regleringen för rätten kan påstås vara relativt enkel att återge så som den uttrycks i art. 51 av FN-stadgan och i ljuset av den internationella sedvanerätten. Rätten till självförsvar är däremot desto svårare att tillämpa i praktiken och en staThe right of states to self-defense is an exception to the general prohibition of the use of force and constitutes a central as well as a frequently debated subject in international law. The regulation of the right can be said to be relatively simple to pronounce as expressed in Art. 51 of the UN Charter and in the light of international customary law. The right of states to self-defense is howeve

Sweden has traditionally pursued a restrictive policy on alcohol. One of the fundamental and outstanding features of this policy is the monopolization of the retail sales of alcoholic beverages. Spirits, wine and beer with an alcohol content of more than 3.5 per cent by volume may only be sold by the State-owned Systembolaget AB. The products available in Systembolaget's shops are selected and

Due to the unavailability of culture-appropriate measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in China, knowledge about the HRQOL of women with cervical cancer, particularly in Mainland China, is poor. Such knowledge is greatly needed to inform nursing practice. Thus the main aim of this thesis was to investigate longitudinally the HRQOL trajectory in Chinese women from when cervical can

Uppsatsen behandlar vissa frågor kopplade till värdeöverföringar i koncernmiljö. En koncern ses ofta, i alla fall ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv, som en enhet men moderbolag och dotterbolag ses aktiebolagsrättsligt som skilda rättssubjekt med egen förmögenhet och egna borgenärer. Det som brukar kallas förtäckt värdeöverföring definieras i aktiebolagslagen (2005:551) som en ”annan affärshändelse somThis paper describes a few questions relating to value transfers within company groups. A company group is often seen as a whole, at least from an economic point of view. The parent company and its subsidiaries are, however, in Swedish company law seen as different entities with their own respective assets and creditors. A transaction described in the Swedish Companies Act (2005:551) as ”another