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The aim of this study was to model the effect of short (3 year) treatments for osteoporosis at different times after menopause on the risk of osteoporotic fracture and to assess the impact of strategies to target high-risk individuals. Treatment efficacy for hip, proximal forearm, shoulder, and spine fracture were computed from the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture in wo

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and appearance of the anastomosis between the two umbilical arteries in placentas from infants small for gestational age (SGA). Methods. The arterial systems of 64 placentas from singleton pregnancies resulting in SGA infants were visualized by angiography. The method allowed study of the anastomosis between the umbilical arterie

In this study we have developed and validated a novel approach of transgene regulation in the brain. By using lentiviral vectors that incorporate promoters of genes that are up-regulated during different pathological states, we were able to regulate transgene expression in accordance with the disease process. When using a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter, efficient disease regulation in gl

An axillary brachial plexus nerve block by a transarterial approach is commonly used to achieve regional anaesthesia for hand surgery. We designed a retrospective study to evaluate efficacy and safety of the technique for acute and elective operations. Anaesthetic records of 189 of all 5520 patients (1996-2000) who had axillary brachial plexus blocks for hand surgery were reviewed, and results com

Incidence of cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic disease is increasing, in parallel with associated risk factors. These factors, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, obesity, and insulin resistance have a continuous, progressive impact on total CV risk, with higher levels and numbers of factors translating into greater risk. Evaluation of all known modifiable r

Activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (Erkl/2) by phosphorylation to p-Erkl/2, and proliferation of Schwann cells were investigated in the rat sciatic nerve by immunohistochemistry. Axotomy in vivo and culturing of nerve segments in vitro resulted in a rapid (30 min) increase of p-Erkl/2 in Schwann cells with peaks at 2 and 24 h. Proliferation measured by bromodeoxy uridine incor

Pancreatic cancer is strongly associated with the development of hyperglycemia, peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, especially when presented as new-onset diabetes mellitus. Peripheral insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been suggested to promote growth of pancreatic cancer cells, and therefore a relation between long-standing diabetes mellitus type 2 and pancreatic cance

Diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at early stages has obviously been improved since determination of serum levels of free alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was implemented. AFP has been considered as the standard tumor marker of primary HCC, although certain patients have very low serum free AFP levels. In the present study, clinical application of measuring serum AFP-IgM immune complexes

The propagation of elastic waves in a many-layered elastic half-space is considered. One of the layers contains a bounded inhomogeneity which in the numerical applications is taken as a sphere. The half-space is excited by an explosion, modelled as a sudden isotropic point source. First the time-harmonic problem is solved using the null field approach (the T-matrix method). Starting from surface

Ten patients, who had been treated according to the Malmo model for immune tolerance induction (ITI), were analysed regarding treatment with clotting factors and chemotherapy during the time period between inhibitor detection and ITI. Of the patients who were successfully rendered tolerant (n=6) all but one had received treatment with FVIII, either alone (n=1), or combined with cyclophosphamide (n

A strong demand in drug discovery and development today is to overcome "Big Gaps" encountered by differences in species and races, to accelerate effective developments in cost and time, and to meet medical needs. Moreover, drugs of various types have emerged which cover middle-size molecules and polymers rather than conventional small molecules. Upon those challenges, mass spectrometry (MS)-based

A dispersion relation for the combined effect of scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves is presented for a large class of linear and passive material models. By invoking the optical theorem, the result states that the extinction cross section integrated over all frequencies is equal to the static limit of the extinction volume. The present paper focuses on an attempt to experimentally