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Background: Insulin resistance has been shown to be related to a higher risk of several cancers, but the association with prostate cancer (PCa) has been inconsistent. Methods: We investigated prediagnostic markers of insulin resistance in men in four cohorts in Sweden, in relation to PCa risk (total, non-aggressive and aggressive) and PCa death using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. The numb
BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used, environmentally ubiquitous, and stable chemicals that have been associated with lower vaccine-induced antibody responses in children; however, data on adults are limited. The drinking water from one of the two waterworks in Ronneby, Sweden, was heavily contaminated for decades with PFAS from firefighting foams, primarily perfl
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is twice as common among men compared with women, and hormonal factors have been suggested to partially explain this difference. There is currently little evidence on the roles of reproductive and hormonal risk factors in RCC aetiology. Materials & Methods: We investigated associations of age at menarche and age at menopause, pregnancy-related factors, hy
The laser host materials undergo relatively small changes in their intrinsic properties due to various sources during an experiment. These sources are often related to temperature change and vibrations due to crystal mounting, which may cause stress-induced birefringence in laser host materials. Birefringence is a phenomenon that causes optical anisotropy due to external load or residual stress. A
Decisions to admit or refuse admission to intensive care for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can be difficult, due to an uncertainty about prognosis. Few studies have evaluated outcomes after intensive care for AECOPD in patients with chronic respiratory failure requiring long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). In this nationwide observational cohort study, we investigated survival after first-time
BackgroundEarly detection of diabetes and hypertension is helpful to prevent and/or delay the onset of these diseases through proper interventions. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to know the prevalence of prediabetes and prehypertension and the factors associated with these conditions but people from developing countries including Bangladesh often remain undiagnosed and unaware of these condition
The third generation of innovation policy focusing on addressing societal challenges requires collaborative engagement and action across a broad base of stakeholders over time to contribute to ambitious missions and transform societal systems. The strategic governance of such collaborative work in innovation ecosystems requires a collective vision and direction, a shared view on what to do, and a
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence show that long term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of dementia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between PM2.5 exposure and dementia in a low exposure area, and to investigate the role of olfaction and the APOE ɛ4 allele in these associations. METHODS: Data were drawn from the Betula project, a longitudinal study on aging,
Background: Since the first version of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) developed in the past decade, several other versions have been developed. However, to date no study has attempted to compare these versions with respect to their associations with biomarkers of inflammation. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between four dietary inflammatory scores [DII, two energy-adjus
The efficiency with which flying animals convert metabolic power to mechanical power dictates an individual's flight behaviour and energy requirements. Despite the significance of this parameter, we lack empirical data on conversion efficiency for most species as in vivo measurements are notoriously difficult to obtain. Furthermore, conversion efficiency is often assumed to be constant across flig
Objective: Drug eluting stents (DES) might improve the results of stenting in the femoropopliteal (FP) segment, but randomized data between DES and BMS in the treatment of patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) is lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a randomized comparison, between DES and bare metal stent (BMS) implantation in a subgroup of CLTI patients with lesions in
BACKGROUND: No strong and consistent variables to predict outcome after pain rehabilitation have been reported in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The aim of the present study was to clarify if baseline variables could predict successful outcome after a unique, individualized, physiotherapist-led rehabilitation of nine sessions.METHODS: In 274 individuals with severe chronic musculoskel
Extrapulmonary manifestations of infection with Legionella species, of which 24 may cause disease in humans, are very rare. Here, we describe a case of a 61-year-old woman with no history of immunosuppression presenting with pain and swelling of her index finger after a prick by rose thorns during gardening. Clinical examination showed fusiform swelling of the finger with mild redness, warmth, and
The complex pathophysiology underlying biological aging creates challenges for identifying biomarkers associated with frailty. This longitudinal, nontargeted proteomics study aimed to identify proteins associated with frailty, particularly the change from nonfrail to frail. The population-based Osteoporosis Prospective Risk Assessment cohort includes women all of whom are 75 years old at inclusion
Introduction: Risk evaluation for preeclampsia in early pregnancy allows identification of women at high risk. Prediction models for preeclampsia often include circulating concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF); however, the models are usually limited to a specific PlGF method of analysis. The aim of this study was to compare three different PlGF methods of analysis in a Swedish cohort t
Background: Known risk alleles for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) account for approximately 40% of the heritability for EOC. Copy number variants (CNVs) have not been investigated as EOC risk alleles in a large population cohort. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphism array data from 13071 EOC cases and 17306 controls of White European ancestry were used to identify CNVs associated with EOC risk
Obesity levels in developing countries are increasing at an alarming rate, while “old” problems such as hunger and undernutrition still persist, creating a paradoxical situation of a double burden of malnutrition. Intertwined with new sustainability challenges such as climate change and land degradation, food, health and sustainability are interconnected in a complex web of relationships, spanning
Reseavdraget – Motverkar det politiska spelet incitament som kan förbättra miljön? Reseavdraget, att vara berättigad till att dra av en del av kostnaderna som uppkommer till följd av resor till och från arbetsplatsen på skatten, har förundrat mig under flera år. Är reseavdraget rättvist utformat, belönar det ett samhällsekonomiskt olönsamt val eller kan det skapa incitament för arbetspendlare attIncome Tax-deduction for commuting expenses has been criticised and discussed for a long time without having reached any conclusions or reformations. Critical opinions in the debate are that a reformation would disfavour taxpayers living in the countryside with no options except car commuting and decreasing size of labour market regions. At the same time tax evasion is a huge problem because taxpa
