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BACKGROUND: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists have been reported to have beneficial effects on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of ganirelix, a GnRH receptor antagonist, on bladder function and detrusor overactivity (DO) in female rats. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Female Sprague-Dawl

Background: Treatment decisions can be difficult in men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Objective: To evaluate the ability of a panel of four kallikrein markers in blood-total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), free PSA, intact PSA, and kallikrein-related peptidase 2-to distinguish between pathologically insignificant and aggressive disease on pathologic examination of radical prostatectomy (RP

Mechanical properties and rate of ATP breakdown (JATP) have been determined in the chemically skinned guinea-pig taenia coli at 22 degrees C. The influence of varied [Ca2+], [Mg ATP] and muscle length were investigated. The shortening response after a step decrease in force (isotonic quick release) was highly curvilinear in the first 100-200 ms. This effect was shown to be a time-dependent respons

BackgroundA seven-year follow-up of heroin dependent patients treated in a buprenorphine-maintenance program combining contracted work/education and low tolerance for non-prescribed drug use. Gender-specific differences in outcome were analysed. MethodsA consecutively admitted cohort of 135 men and 35 women, with eight years of heroin abuse/dependence on average was admitted to enhanced buprenorph

Accumulated carbon uptake, apparent quantum yield (AQY) and light-saturated net CO2 assimilation (A(sat)) were used to assess the responses of photosynthesis to environmental conditions during spring for three consecutive years. Whole-tree chambers were used to expose 40-year-old field-grown Norway spruce trees in northern Sweden to an elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, [CO2], of 700 mu mol C

Objective. To study the effect of valgus malalignment on knee osteoarthritis (OA) incidence and progression. Methods. We measured the mechanical axis from long limb radiographs from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) and the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) to define limbs with valgus malalignment (mechanical axis of >= 1.1 degrees valgus) and examined the effect of valgus alignment versus

Objective: To evaluate whether the duration of the active phase of labor is associated with maternal body mass index (BMI), in nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor. Study design: Historical prospective cohort study including 63,829 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and a spontaneous onset of labor, who delivered between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2009. Data were colle

Areal bone mineral density (aBMD), as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), predicts hip fracture risk only moderately. Simulation of bone mechanics based on DXA imaging of the proximal femur, may help to improve the prediction accuracy. Therefore, we collected three (1-3) image sets, including CT images and DXA images of 34 proximal cadaver femurs (set1, including 30 males, 4 female

Background : In order to increase access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected children, paediatric HIV care has been introduced in health centres in Ethiopia, where patients are managed by health professionals with limited training. Objective : To compare outcomes of paediatric HIV care in hospital and health centre clinics and to determine risk factors for death and loss to follow-up (

Nutrient uptake by forest trees is dependent on ectomycorrhizal (EM) mycelia that grow out into the soil from the mycorrhizal root tips. We estimated the production of EM mycelia in root free samples of pure spruce and mixed spruce-oak stands in southern Sweden as mycelia grown into sand-filled mesh bags placed at three different soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm). The mesh bags were collected

The action of three matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), 72- and 95-kDa gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and PUMP (MMP-7), and a cysteine proteinase, cathepsin B, were investigated on aggrecan the major proteoglycan of cartilage. All the enzymes cleaved aggrecan although the activity of the 95-kDa gelatinase was very low. Specific cleavage sites were investigated following incubation with a purified agg

Using kilometric arrays of air Cherenkov telescopes at short wavelengths, intensity interferometry may increase the spatial resolution achieved in optical astronomy by an order of magnitude, enabling images of rapidly rotating hot stars with structures in their circumstellar disks and winds, or mapping out patterns of nonradial pulsations across stellar surfaces. Intensity interferometry (once pio

Popular Abstract in Swedish Medfödda hjärtfel hos barn är förenade med en varierande kombination av förtjockning av hjärtmuskeln, volym- och tryckbelastning av hjärtat, samt nedsatt syremättnad i blodet. Hos barn med medfödda hjärtfel, och förvärvade hjärtsjukdomar ändringar i kranskärlsblodflödet uppstå och påverka hjärtfunktionen eller leda till hjärtinfarkt. En tillförlitlig non-invasiv metod bHeart diseases in children cause different combinations of myocardial hypertrophy, increased intra-ventricular pressures, volume overload and decreased oxygen saturation. This may affect basal coronary flow and the ability of the heart to maximally increase coronary flow. Transthoracic and intracoronary Doppler techniques were used to register coronary flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in norma

Popular Abstract in Swedish Proteinkinas C i nervcellsutveckling Under fosterutvecklingen ska en enda cell, den befruktade äggcellen, ge upphov till alla de högt specialiserade celler som människokroppen består av. Den process där omogna celler utvecklas till t.ex. nervceller, blodceller och muskelceller kallas differentiering. Det som avgör vad en speciell cell ska utvecklas till är bl.a. vilka sThe human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y can be induced to differentiate into a neuronal sympathetic phenotype after treatment with 16 nM 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in serum, or by a combination of the growth factors basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I (bFGF/IGF-I). SH-SY5Y cells stably transfected with TrkA, the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor, dif

Data from measurements on the body burden Of (CS)-C-134, Cs-137 and K-40 in various Swedish populations between 1959 and 2001 has been compiled into a national database. The compilation is a co-operation between the Departments of Radiation Physics in Malmo and Goteborg, the National Radiation Protection Authority (SSI) and the Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI). In a previous study the effecti

Background: Computed tomography (CT) lung densitometry has been demonstrated to be the most sensitive and specific outcome measure for the assessment of emphysema-modifying therapy, but the optimum densitometric index has yet to be determined and targeted sampling may be more sensitive than whole lung assessment. The EXAcerbations and CT scan as Lung Endpoints (EXACTLE) trial aimed to clarify the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av fyra kapitel som behandlar olika aspekter av internationell handel och dess effekter på konkurrens och produktivitet. Särskilt behandlas effekterna av EU:s expansion och fördjupade integration. Första kapitlet använder den så kallade gravitationsmodellen för att analysera hur integrationsprocessen av de Central- och Östeuropeiska länderna i EU haThis thesis consists of four papers on trade, competition and productivity with particular emphasis on the effects of various aspects of the deepening and widening of the European Union. The first paper Trade Creation, Diversion and Displacement of the EU Enlargement Process provides an assessment of the effects of the EU enlargement process on trade. A new method of estimating the gravity model

Purpose: To evaluate: (i) the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction attained with a fixed treatment protocol and the untreated IOP level; (ii) the consistency of IOP reduction over time; and (iii) whether there is a threshold pretreatment IOP level below which IOP reduction might be less effective. Results are based on 128 patients with glaucoma with field defects, who were ran

ObjectivesThe objective was to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model for predicting acute coronary occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) in patients with chest pain at the emergency department (ED), using information that is widely available early in the ED assessment.MethodsIn a cohort of 24,511 consecutive adult ED patients with chest pain from 5 Swedish hospitals, OMI cases were identif

The project “ETT-Modular system for timber transport” investigates the possibilities of making logging shipments more effective, decrease their fuel consumption and road wear without compromising traffic safety. As part of this project a timber vehi-cle, the ETT-vehicle, that pulls four piles of timber, is 30 metres long, and has a gross combination weight of 90 tons, is tested on a distance betwe