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Pollination by bees is important for food production. Recent concerns about the declines of both domestic and wild bees, calls for measures to promote wild pollinator populations in farmland. However, to be able to efficiently promote and prioritize between measures that benefit pollinators, such as modified land use, agri-environment schemes, or specific conservation measures, it is important to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Typ 1-diabetes är en allvarlig, autoimmun, sjukdom och Sverige har världens näst högsta antal nya insjuknanden. Varje år diagnostiseras ca 700 individer i Sverige med sjukdomen som kan debutera i alla åldrar. Senare studier tyder dock på att barn med typ 1-diabetes blir allt yngre. Vi vet idag att ärftligheten är kopplad till en specifik gen vilket förklarar ca 30-50% aObjective The primary aim of this thesis was to test whether gestational exposure to environmental factors may induce islet autoimmunity. The second aim was to determine to what extent the exposure to viruses or other environmental factors is a risk factor for type 1 diabetes in the offspring. As children with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk of developing celiac disease (CD), an additional aim
In order to develop new pharmaceuticals, to optimize pharmacotherapy and secure patient safety, documentation of the properties of pharmaceutical formulations is a most important process. A significant practical problem associated with pre-clinical evaluation of lipophilic substances with pharmacological properties is their low aqueous solubility. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop te
Popular Abstract in Swedish Människan lever inte bara själv, utan tillsammans med en mängd bakterier som lever i kroppen. Större delen av dessa lever i tjocktarmen. Dessa organismer är viktiga för vår hälsa. De stimulerar immunförsvaret, sänker pH i tarmen och gör det ogynnsamt för sjukdomsframkallande bakterier att växa till. Bakterierna lever i symbios med oss och med varandra. Förändringar i taThe human gut flora is important for our well-being. The gut bacteria are able to degrade and metabolize complex carbohydrates. Examples of such carbohydrates are β-mannans. β-Mannans consist of a backbone of β-1,4-linked mannose units and are present in e.g. the endosperm of legumes such as guar or carob. The composition of the β-mannan varies with the plant source. Carob and guar β-mannans are s
Unemployment and precarity have become key features of 21st century work. Employability is presented as a solution to these issues. Individuals are exhorted to manage their employability, in order to be able to exercise choice in the labour market. While employability is individualsʼ responsibility, governments, employers and educational bodies simply provide opportunities for its development. Hig
Popular Abstract in Swedish Beständiga organiska miljögifter, till exempel PCB (Polyklorerade bifenyler), har vållat stora miljöproblem i flera decennier. Dessa föroreningar är kemiskt och biologiskt sett väldigt stabila, vilket gör att de bryts ner mycket långsamt i miljön och alltså kan transporteras långväga med vindar och strömmar. Därför kan man hitta PCB över hela jorden, även i områden där Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) pose serious threats to our global environment. These compounds have high chemical and biological stability and they are also very lipophilic. These characteristics not only render POPs the ability to spread widely and pollute remote areas, they also make them prone to accumulate in adipose tissues of living organisms. Consequently, it is important to monitor P
Adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes onto polystyrene latices was studied as function of polymer chemical composition and molecular weight, polymer and surface charge density and ionic strength. The ratio between polymer charges and surface charges was close to one when distances between polymer and surface charges were equal. Overcompensation of the surface charge was obtained at higher polyme
Steady state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to investigated the energy transfer in photosynthetic purple bacteria. Picosecond light pulses were used in measurements of Rb. sphaeroides WT and a LH1-deleted mutant, demonstrating that the energy trapping into the reaction center in both species occur on the same time-scale, and that the excitation energy is
Popular Abstract in Swedish Alla friska människor har 46 kromosomer, 23 av dessa härstammar från modern och 23 från fadern. Kromosomer är långa kedjor av nukleinsyror som innehåller den genetiska informationen (arvsanlagen) som behövs för att ett befruktat ägg skall kunna utvecklas till en individ bestående av miljontals celler med mycket specialiserade och avancerade uppgifter. Den här utvecklingThe cells in B cell development can be divided into several subgroups or fractions, e.g. early-pro-B-, pro-B, large-pre-B-, small-pre-B-, immature and mature B cells, where the stages reflect the maturity degree of the cells. This characterization is based on the expression of intracellular markers such as the recombination activating genes 1 and 2(Rag 1 and Rag 2), the terminal deoxynucleotidyl t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt immunsystem är uppbyggt runt två typer av celler som har som uppgift att försvaraoss mot infektioner. T lymfocyterna står för det cellmedierade immunförsvaret som är speciellt viktigt för att bekämpa virusinfektioner med B lymfocyterna har som uppgift att producera antikroppar. Antikroppar finns i alla kroppsvätskor och kan interagera med toxiner, virus och bakteriEach immunoglobulin (Ig) V gene segment contains an upstream promoter region. The octamer element and the TATA box are the only elements that are conserved in all Ig promoters. The presence of the octamer element is necessary, but not sufficient to support high levels of transcription. Therefore, the activity of other co-stimulatory elements is required. This investigation has focused on the study
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka vilken roll synlighet spelar i skapandet och utmanandet av tillhörighet till politiska gemenskaper. Baserat på en empirisk studie av ryska medier under 2010-talet föreslås ett sätt att teoretiskt begreppsliggöra förhållandet mellan synlighet och tillhörighet, som utgår från idén att vad som blir synligt för en publik och hur,The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the role of visibility in the production and contestation of belonging to political communities. On the basis of an empirical enquiry of Russian media during the 2010s, a theoretical conceptualization of the relation between visibility and belonging is suggested, starting in the idea that what becomes visible to publics and how, and what is rendered i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Moraxella catarrhalis är en bakterie som man länge trodde var en del av vår normala bakterieflora och därmed ofarlig. Under de senaste tjugo åren har M. catarrhalis dock visat sig vara en av orsakerna till öroninflammation hos barn och lägre luftvägsinfektioner hos vuxna med någon annan underliggande sjukdom som t.ex. kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL). De senaste 10 Moraxella catarrhalis is frequently colonizing the human respiratory tract, particularly in children. This gram-negative bacterium has during the last two decades been recognized as a pathogen causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with predisposing conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The virulence determinants of M. catarrhal
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine and a potent stimulator of bone resorption and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate if a functional JL-6 promoter polymorphism (-174) was related to bone mass and fractures in a cohort consisting of 964 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 75 years. Bone mineral de
Plant ecologists have placed increasing emphasis on a functional understanding of vegetation. One way to gain insight into the assemblage of vegetation communities is to investigate plant trait responses to environmental gradients or experimental treatments. We present simulations of responses of suites of traits to treatments differing in soil resources and disturbance intensity, in order to cons
Introduction. An open collaborative international network has been established which aims to improve inter-centre standards for collection of high-resolution, neurointensive care data on patients with traumatic brain injury. The group is also working towards the creation of an open access, detailed and validated database that will be useful for post-hoc hypothesis testing. In Part A, the underlyin
The paper is based on an inventory of crofts and cottages that was made in the parish of Länghem in the southern part of the province of Västergötland, Sweden at the end of the 1950ies and the beginning of the 1960ies. The parish of Länghem has both manors (the medieval Torpa and Hofsnäs and the 17th century Sällerås) and independent villages. The inventory was made quite traditionally. We tried t
Sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles were studied in the Amazon region, 125 km northeast of Manaus, Brazil (-1degrees55.2'S, 59degrees28.1'W). The measurements were performed during the wet-to-dry transition period, 4-28 July 2001 as part of the LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) CLAIRE-2001 (Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment) experiment. The number si
The Southern Ocean is split into several biogeographical provinces between convergence zones that separate watermasses of different temperatures. Recent molecular phylogenies have uncovered a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguin populations, Eudyptes chrysocome sensu lato, from different biogeographical provinces. These studies suggested a reclassification as three species in
PURPOSE: To evaluate, preclinically, the potential for dose escalation of continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiation therapy (CHART) for non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we examined the strategy of omission of elective nodal irradiation with and without the application of three-dimensional conformal radiation technology (3DCRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: 2D, conventional therapy plans we
