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The relative environmental impact from the building construction phase is increasing compared to the operation phase for new buildings. Therefore, it is important to consider the complete environmental life cycle of energy improvement measures. Many advanced optimization methods have been developed in recent years to assess building life cycle impact. However, these previous studies have not fully
This study investigated: (a) the cost and change in hospitalizations related to alcohol misuse for the healthcare sector and (b) the effect of distance to the border on alcohol-related hospitalization costs. The first objective was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the second using ordinary least squares regression on aggregated municipality data. The total cost decreased marginally during
We approach the field of stress immunology from an ecological point of view and ask: why should a heavy physical workload, for example as a result of a high reproductive effort, compromise immune function? We argue that immunosuppression by neuroendocrine mechanisms, such as stress hormones, during heavy physical workload is adaptive, and consider two different ultimate explanations of such immuno
To introduce a standardized component assortment takes a lot of effort in order to make real cost savings. The rationalization effect itself is important, but perhaps even more important is to state the aim of the standardization efforts in a well-defined way. How can an organization assure that they are working in a proper way? How do they know that their efforts are being interpreted into the wh
Radical energy efficiency improvements are needed to keep global warming within 1.5 °C until the end of the century. Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) are a widely applied policy instrument to improve the energy efficiency of appliances and reduce CO2 emissions, but they are criticized as redundant if an overarching carbon pricing scheme is in place. In order to better understand how MEP
Background: Despite advance in care of people with an ostomy, related complications remain prevalent. The objective of this study was to examine short- and long-term healthcare resource utilization and associated costs after ostomy creation. Methods: This observational study was based on retrospectively collected data from national and regional Swedish registries. The population consisted of peopl
Background: Chronic non-healing wounds present a substantial economic burden to healthcare system; significant reductions in quality of life for those affected, and precede often serious events such as limp amputations or even premature deaths. This burden is also likely to increase with a larger proportion of elderly and increasing prevalence of life-style diseases such as obesity and diabetes. R
This thesis aims to answer how a new specific electric road technique called Elonroad should be installed to operate an electric bus fleet in the city of Lund at lowest possible cost. An algorithm has been written in MATLAB to obtain the optimal locations for installing electric road sections. Real time measurements of bus movements, dwelling times, velocities and more were obtained from Skånetra
Tadpoles from two types of ponds, temporary and permanent, were raised in a common garden experiment. There was no clear effect of pond type on development rate (time for metamorphosis). From each sibship, one group was raised under a constant water regime (deep tanks) and one was subject to simulated pond drying (shallow tanks). The tadpoles exhibited a plastic response to pond drying: they metam
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the applications and procedures of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in terms of their cost and efficacy in a state hospital in Turkey. Setting: A 372-bed, state hospital in Isparta, Turkey. Method:The investigation was performed between May and August 2011 in six surgical wards. All of the surgical procedures were followed up and ant
Laptops and smartphones are now challenging the traditional boarders of work and have contributed to new ways of combining work and other parts of life. Both time and room dimensions have been resolved or taken new forms through the new information and communication technology. Questions like when and where you are supposed to, or can or want to work are likewise important to companies and employeLaptops and smartphones are now challenging the traditional boarders of work and have contributed to new ways of combining work and other parts of life. Both time and room dimensions have been resolved or taken new forms through the new information and communication technology. Questions like when and where you are supposed to, or can or want to work are likewise important to companies and employe
BACKGROUND: In primary care, fee-for-services (FFS) tariffs are often based on political negotiation rather than costing systems. The potential for comprehensive measures of patient morbidity to explain variation in negotiated FFS expenditures has not previously been examined.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relative explanatory power of morbidity measures and related general practice (GP) clinic charac
Writing efficient parallel programs is the biggest challenge of the software industry for the foreseeable future. We are currently in a time when parallel computers are the norm, not the exception. Soon, parallel processors will be standard even in cell phones. Without drastic changes in hardware development, all software must be parallelized to its fullest extent. Parallelism can increase perfor
