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European CH4 emissions are estimated for the period 2001-2006 using a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) inverse modeling system, based on the atmospheric zoom model TM5. Continuous observations are used from various European monitoring stations, complemented by European and global flask samples from the NOAA/ESRL network. The available observations mainly provide information on the emissions fr
Chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of coding parts from two genes or in the exchange of regulatory sequences are present in approximately 20% of all human neoplasms. More than 1000 such gene fusions have now been described, with close to 100 of them in soft tissue tumours. Although little is still known about the functional outcome of many of these gene fusions, it is well establis
Popular Abstract in Swedish I de flesta organ i människokroppen pågår en ständig förnyelse av celler för att kompensera för gamla cellers bortfall som en följd av skador och naturlig död. En ensam cell kan på egen hand kopiera allt sitt DNA och därmed all information den bär på, för att därefter dela sig och skapa en exakt identisk kopia av sig själv. Kodat i DNA finns instruktionerna för hur en oTelomeres are the end-structures of linear chromosome which are crucial for maintaining genome integrity. The telomeres prevent the DNA-repair machinery from recognizing the chromosome ends as double-strand breaks and from end-to-end fusions. The telomeres are composed by short repetitive units of TG-rich DNA and associated specialized telomere-binding proteins. Due to that replication only can
The aim of this qualitative study was to identify and analyse the experiences of Swedish local health authority occupational therapists with regard to their participation in, and the implementation of, research. Data were collected from three focus-group interviews, with five different occupational therapists in each. The interviews were taped and transcribed and thereafter analysed using broad co
Economies in Transition (EiTs) exemplified by countries such as Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova etc. face many socio-economic and environmental challenges – energy security, high unemployment, poor transportation and municipal service infrastructure, and rural depopulation are common themes. Agricultural biofuel production offers a number of socio-economic co-benefits that can contribute to the
Obiectives: Ventricular septal rupture is a rare but feared complication after acute myocardial infarction. Most reports about outcome after surgical treatment are single center experiences. We investigated the results after surgical repair in all patients in Sweden during a 7-year period. Methods: All patients undergoing surgical repair 1992-1998 were identified with the aid of the Swedish Heart
Neurofibroma is a benign tumor originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths and may occur as a sporadic tumor or as part of the dominantly inherited tumor syndrome NF1. NF1 is caused by constitutional mutations in the NF1 gene, located in chromosome band 17q11 Whereas the involvement of the NF1 gene in neurofibroma development in NF1 patients has been fairly well characterized, the s
* The ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor has the largest genome of all fungi yet sequenced. The large genome size is partly a result of an expansion of gene family sizes. Among the largest gene families are protein kinases and RAS small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which are key components of signal transduction pathways. * Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses were used to e
For decades, unicellular yeasts have been general models to help understand the eukaryotic cell and also our own biology. Recently, over a dozen yeast genomes have been sequenced, providing the basis to resolve several complex biological questions. Analysis of the novel sequence data has shown that the minimum number of genes from each species that need to be compared to produce a reliable phyloge
The methodology for ready-made matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) target plates covered with an optimized thin layer consisting of matrix and nitrocellulose has been developed. Piezoelectric microdispensing enabled sample depositions in a high-density array format of 2000 sample depositions on a conventionally sized target plate (45 x 47 mm). The sample depositions were made repro
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common form of neurodegenerative dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying neurobiological mechanism of DLB is not fully understood and no generally accepted biomarkers are yet available for the diagnosis of DLB. In a recent MRI study, DLB patients displayed hypothalamic atrophy whereas this region was not affected in AD patients. Co
BACKGROUND Marked changes have occurred in in vitro fertilization (IVF) methodology during the past 25 years but also in characteristics of couples undergoing treatment. METHODS This study was based on 27 386 women undergoing IVF treatment from 1982 to 2006 and giving birth to 31 850 infants. Outcomes of deliveries were studied using Swedish health registers. Comparisons were made with all deliver
This paper reports the results of a systematic investigation of residual stresses as a function of welding speed in a set of Ti-6Al-4V friction stir welds. The investigation focuses on residual stress but links these data with microstructural information derived from micrographs and hardness measurements as well as mechanical testing results. Residual stresses were determined using energy dispersi
The endwall heat transfer characteristics of forced flow past outlet guide vanes (OGVs) in a linear cascade have been investigated by using a liquid crystal thermography (LCT) method. Due to the special design of an OGV profile, the focus of this study is emphasized on the heat transfer patterns around the leading part of a vane. The Reynolds number is kept constant at 260,000. Two attack angles o
Biomolekyler, så som proteiner, produceras genom att DNA som kodar för dessa molekyler tillsätts i celler. Cellerna kan exempelvis vara bakterier, jäst eller från däggdjur. Dessa celler producerar inte enbart de önskade proteinerna utan även andra proteiner som är nödvändiga för att cellerna ska kunna överleva. Som en följd av detta är upprening en av de viktigaste processerna i produktionen av prDownstream processing is an essential part in the production of biomolecules and the optimization of these processes are of great value, since they can be both time consuming and expensive. One common type of enzyme used in different biotechnical approaches is proteases and in this study Protease X was investigated. In order to use the enzyme in a process, a purification procedure needs to be esta
Parallel computing is becoming more and more important in modern Finite Element Software. As problems grow larger, computation on a single processor may not be fast enough. To overcome this problem, one can utilize parallel programming using e.g SMP-machines or clusters. Furthermore, when local compute resources are scarce, it can be quite convenient to take advantage of non-local resources for pe
Från början av 1990- talet har straffrättsbedömningen gått från att vara inriktad på allmän prevention och individuella omständigheter till att vara kopplad till brottet och vad som anses vara rättvist. En rättvisebedömning kan skilja sig på många sätt, därför finns det strukturer för domstolen hur handlingar ska värderas och vilka omständigheter som ska anses vara av betydelse. En bedömning av stFrom the beginning of the 1990 - century penal assessment went from being focused on general prevention and individual circumstances to be linked to the crime and what is considered fair. There are structures on how the court should value the documents, and which factors that should be considered to be of importance, thus, a fair assessment can differ in many ways. An assessment of the penalty fo
Möjligheten att visualisera olika sjukdomstillstånd med hjälp av bilder har inom sjukvården blivit mer och mer populärt. Nuklearmedicinska bilder framställs genom att en liten mängd av ett radioaktivt ämne injiceras i patienten och sedan detekteras med hjälp av en gammakamera. Genom att utnyttja olika upptagsmekanismer kan funktionen av ett område eller ett specifikt organ i kroppen undersökas. BlThe purpose of this work is to assess the activity level needed to achieve satisfactory diagnostic information in regional cerebral blood flow single photon emission computed tomography (rCBF SPECT) by introducing a new evaluation method to be used for and hopefully facilitate optimization studies in nuclear medicine in the future. The purpose is further to perform a visual grading study and inves
Att kunna se igenom människor Att kunna flyga, vara osynlig och ha röntgensyn – de superkrafterna är det många som önskar sig. Faktum är att röntgensyn är en verklighet; man måste bara få tag på lite speciell utrustning. På sjukhus runtom i världen används det dagligen medicinska avbildningtekniker som antingen grundar sig på röntgenstrålar eller andra former av strålning. Dessa tekniker hjälperThe full-width-at-half-maximum of the point spread functions for a pixellated cadmium telluride detector exposed to gammas from a 140.5 keV Tc-99m source are modelled in GATE, at a detector-collimator distance of 5 cm, and collimator-source distances of 5 cm and 10 cm, with lead pinholes of diameter 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm and 5.0 mm acting as collimators. The PILATUS3 X CdTe 300k detector from Dec
