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Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Utvecklingen av nya innovativa chokladprodukter har tagit fart under de senaste åren i takt med att konsumenterna ställer allt högre krav på chokladkvaliteten. Eftersom produktionsprocessen är komplicerad och hållbarhetstiden begränsad uppskattas att man slänger drygt 100 000 ton chokladprodukter varje år i Europa till ett värde av 1.Abstract Fat bloom on chocolate is a major problem for the confectionery industry since the unappetising appearance and negative sensory effects lead to rejection by customers. The presence of fat bloom on chocolate confectionery systems is usually connected to migration of liquid fat due to the difference in composition between filling triacylglycerols (TAGs) and cocoa butter TAGs. The filling T

We present the widespread Ewald summation method in a new light by utilizing a truncated Gaussian screening charge distribution. This choice entails an exact formalism, also as particle mesh Ewald, which in practice is not always the case when using a Gaussian screening function. The presented approach reduces the number of dependent parameters compared to a Gaussian and, for an infinite reciproca

Group A Streptococcus is a common pathogen that elicits a protective humoral response against the cell wall component GlcNAc. In this issue of Immunity, New et al. demonstrate the ability of long-lived B-1 cells to be programmed by microbial colonization and early life immunization to uniquely incorporate GlcNAc reactivity in mice, establishing their critical role in mediating neonatal immune impr

Aims/hypothesis: Preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) has been associated with insulin resistance early in life. However, no large population-based studies have examined risks of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and potential sex-specific differences from childhood into adulthood. Clinicians will increasingly encounter adults who were born prematurely and will need to understand their long-term ris

Book abstract: The book reviews recent observations of non-evolved and evolved binary populations in clusters and the field with special emphasis on statistical biases, incompleteness and distribution functions. Different binary types are considered: cataclysmic variables, super-soft X-ray sources, double degenerate binaries, Algol-type binaries, Be binaries, X-ray binaries, and Wolf-Rayet binarie

Many Streptococcus pyogenes immunoglobulin-binding proteins have structural similarities to the antiphagocytic M protein, including the well-known C repeats. One of these molecules is the immunoglobulin A-binding protein Arp, which is expressed by a serotype 4 strain for which no antiphagocytic M protein has yet been described. We expressed Arp4 in an S. pyogenes strain from which the structural g

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with no known single predisposing genetic factor shown in all cases. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T393C in the GNAS1 gene has been reported to have a clinical impact on CLL progression and overall survival. In order to further investigate the T393C SNP in CLL, we have genotyped 279 CLL cases and correlated

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex condition caused by various underlying pathophysiological disorders and is the most common heart arrhythmia worldwide, affecting 2 % of the European population. This prevalence increases with age, imposing significant financial, economic, and human burdens. In Europe, stroke is the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of disability, with numbers

The effort to electrify society has in recent years resulted in major changes in the transportation sector. Charging time remains a challenge in several applications such as transportation and heavy machinery. A proposed solution that shortens the energy replenishment time and adds flexibility in loading the grid is to battery-swapping: exchanging the depleted battery for a fully charged one. In s

Every day, throughout the world, people put huge quantities of food out at feeding stations for birds and other wild animals.Although we know that connecting with nature benefits human health and wellbeing, scientists still know relatively little about the consequences of providing food for wildlife. My team’s most recent research, however, has found that feeding garden birds in wintertime seems t

Introduction The relationship between the right to freedom of expression and the prevention of terrorism is particularly fraught. On the one hand, in climates and contexts where there is a heightened risk of terrorist activities being perpetrated, States' authorities often argue that it is necessary to restrict freedom of expression. The reasons presented vary from the need to criminalize inciteme

Introduction The Universal Declaration of Human Rights includes all categories of human rights in one and the same instrument. The same approach has been followed in many subsequent human rights treaties, including, for example, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter). However, the two Covenants of 1966 – the Internatio