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Knowledge in statistics is essential to draw solid conclusions from data. This chapter covers the basic concepts needed to navigate in the world of biostatistics, with the aim that the reader should know what to search for when encountering new situations. First, the chapter introduces basic concepts such as scales of measurement, relation between sample and population, and features of stochastic
Artistic research—research carried out by artists, through artistic practice—displays the markers of a burgeoning academic discipline. Dominant perspectives on research cultures would therefore predict that practitioners’ boundary work would play a decisive role in the development of this field. But when binary understandings come up against multiplex meanings, when and how do binaries matter? Foc
Ten per cent of patients with colorectal cancer will develop peritoneal metastases. These metastases are known to have a lesser response to systemic chemotherapy than liver- and lung metastases. Randomized studies have shown that adding cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to this treatment gives a better chance of survival. Recently, a randomized study failed to s
“The Covid 19 pandemic took the meetings industry from top to bottom in one move”. These were the introducing words from the CEO of a large Swedish network of meetings firms, in their annual report for 2020. In the beginning of that year, one of the most challenging crises in the history of the meetings organizations emerged. Now, two years on the pandemic has changed the conditions for the entire
Cells in vivo are subjected continuously to multiple biochemical and biophysical stimuli from their microenvironment that regulate cell fate and function. Although two-dimensional (2D) platforms to check cell responses to various microenvironmental factors have been established, these methods lack physiological relevance. Macroscale three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms were developed to p
Antonymy and negation are phenomena that can be studied from many perspectives. In the literature, antonymy is recognized as the most robust of the lexico-semantic relations, important to both the mental organization of the vocabulary and the organization of coherent discourse (Cruse 1986, Fellbaum 1998, Murphy 2003, Willners 2001 and Jones 2002). "Depending on whom you ask, negation may be a logi
With regard to efficient food processing and cost effective production lines, Radio Frequency (RF) heating is a prime example. Thermal processing of food has gained an ever growing importance as food manufactures strive after increasing the number and quality of value added products on the market. Solid food, such as meat and vegetables, is more difficult to heat efficiently since it cannot be pum
A novel technology based on using particles of biological origin was recently developed for stabilising emulsions. This technology, that utilises Pickering emulsions, was further employed to encapsulate different types of active substances. Advance development and refinement of the technology has been performed in order to suit different encapsulation purposes in areas within personal care, food a
There are many ways to realise a DP-internal possessor in Scandinavian. In some varieties, such as Standard Swedish and Standard Danish, all DP-internal possessors are prenominal. In other varieties, such as Faroese, Icelandic, and Norwegian, possessors can be either prenominal or postnominal. In the case of a pronominal possessor, prenominal position has to do with focus in these varieties. The s
