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Sedan januari 2017 bedriver Riksbanken ett projekt vars syfte är att utreda huruvida digitala kontanter vore ett lämpligt komplement på den svenska betalningsmarknaden. Inom ramen för Riksbankens projekt kallas dessa digitala kontanter för e-kronor. Eftersom en övervägande andel av svenska betalningar redan idag görs elektroniskt kan det framstå som obegripligt varför Sverige alls skulle vara i bThe Swedish central bank started a project in January 2017 with the objective to explore whether digital cash would be relevant to the Swedish payment infrastructure. The central bank digital cash is referred to as ”e-kronor”. It may seem peculiar why Sweden would be in a need for digital cash since the current adoption of electronic payment is very high. A simplified explanation of the reason f

Understanding material behaviour has in the past enabled human development and will continue to characterize the various stages of our future development. The use of neutrons will greatly affect several research areas, such as sustainable energy production and cancer research, due to their interaction with nuclei. Neutrons will thus interact differently depending on the specific isotope, reveal in

Att utvärdera jordens hållfasthet inför byggande av hus, vägar och broar är en mycket viktig uppgift. I Skåne består jorden till stora delar av lermorän, vilket är en jord som innehåller mycket lera, men också sand, grus och sten i olika storlekar. Denna typ av jord försvårar många gånger arbetet med att utvärdera markens egenskaper. Dock har nya metoder testats internationellt, i ett första steg The undrained shear strength of cohesive soils is an important parameter to assess in geotechnical investigations. It is normally evaluated with the cone penetration test (CPT) but problems with penetrating coarse, heterogeneous materials that is also hard, such as clay till, have pointed the interest towards other possible in-situ methods. This has led to studies assessing the possibility to eval

Increasing global focus on sustainable palm oil (SPO) initiatives has led to discussions of smallholder integration at the bottom of the supply chain. In 2019, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) introduced a new standard for independent smallholders. Meanwhile, through Presidential Regulation no. 44 of 2020, the President of Indonesia recently made Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO)

Popular science summary: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare disease but more commonly found in ethnic populations belonging to Europe and North America than in those of Asian or African ancestry. This disease causes loss of neurons in different areas of the brain, that gives rise to different behavioural changes and psychological disturbances including involuntary movements and depression. The

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Stockholms skärgårds unika miljö utgör livs- och reproduktionsmiljö för ⅓ av Sveriges reproducerande fiskarter. Fisketrycket i detta område har länge varit mycket högt. Detta i kombination med att allt fler turister och fritidsboende söker sig ut till kustområdena ökar behovet av ett effektivt förvaltande av fisken och fisket för att förhindra utarmning samt säkThis work is a GIS study of fishing rights distribution between different categories of owners and properties in the Stockholm Archipelago. The purpose was to create basic data used to establish fishing laws and restrictions within the Stockholm County. Stockholm’s archipelago consists of a unique environment and is the natural life and reproduction environment for ⅓ of Sweden’s reproducing fish s

Artikel 6 i Europakonventionen för de mänskliga rättigheterna stadgar en rätt till en rättvis rättegång. Ett av de många drag som utmärker en rättvis rättegång är likställdhet mellan parterna. I denna uppsats undersöks innebörden av principen om parternas likställdhet och huruvida den svenska brottmålsprocessen tillgodoser de rättigheter som uppställs i Europa-konventionen. Principen om parternaAccording to article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, everyone charged with a criminal offence is entitled to a fair hearing. One of the many features characteristic of a fair hearing is equality of arms between the parties. In this essay, the meaning of the principle of equality of arms is analysed. It is also investigated if the Swedish criminal procedure is in conformity with the p

Contemporary discussions on peace implementations indicate that new peace agreements are more comprehensive in promoting peace than previous peace agreements. In contemplation of analyzing whether this idea is justifiable, this thesis utilizes the concepts of peacebuilding and power sharing in order to make use of a comparative study. The comparison between two peace agreements, one from 1972 and

Nowadays, many evacuation models exist in the market, and new models are continuously released with new features. How to assess the usability and reliability of model results becomes an issue for both developers and users. Therefore, verification and validation (V&V) protocols were introduced in the assessment process of evacuation models. To conduct V&V of a model, a widely accepted test

Kristianstadsslätten breder ut sig i nordöstra Skåne och in i sydvästra Blekinge med sin komplicerade och varierade geologi. De komplexa förhållandena leder till att det finns ett flertal akvifärer i både jordlager och berggrund, där den mest vattenförande formationen är den av glaukonitsand. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka vilket infiltrerat vattenflöde, vid vilket pumptryck, en brunn Kristianstad plain stretches from the northeast of Scania to the southwest of Blekinge with a complicated and varying geology. The complexity has resulted in multiple aquifers in both soil and bedrock, where the highest amount of withdrawable groundwater is in the formation of glauconite sand. The aim of this paper has been to investigate which infiltrated water flow at a certain pumping pressure,

In this essay will investigate in what way institutions may facilitate financial economic activity. I will focus on a financial secrecy index report written by Tax Justice Network, on Jersey, where they state that Jersey is a tax haven. As a theoretical framework I will use an economical institutional theory, in order to connect the actual institutions on the island with the ongoing economic activ

Background: Induced resistance (IR) can be part of a sustainable plant protection strategy against important plant diseases. beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) can induce resistance in a wide range of plants against several types of pathogens, including potato infected with Phytophthora infestans. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this are unclear and seem to be dependent on the system studied.

Background: The global gene regulator Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein1 (SATB1) has been reported to reprogramme tumour cells into a more malignant phenotype and associate with poor clinical outcome in several cancer forms. In this study, we investigated the molecular correlates and prognostic impact of SATB1 expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Findings: Immunohistochemica

År 2011 infördes entreprenörskap i den svenska skolans läroplaner. På 1980-talet ansågs dock utbildningsorganisationen Ung Företagsamhet (UF), som fokuserar på entreprenörskapsutbildning för ungdomar, vara ideologiskt kontroversiell. Under loppet av 30 år har synen på entreprenörskap och UF:s status förändrats i grunden. Denna avhandling undersöker hur och varför entreprenörskap blev ett kunskapsoIn 2011, entrepreneurship was added to the curricula of Swedish schools at all levels. In the 1980s, however, the educational organization Junior Achievement (JA), that focuses on entrepreneurship education for young people, was considered ideologically controversial. Over the course of 30 years, the view of entrepreneurship and the status of JA has changed fundamentally. This thesis investigates

It is well-known that [S(x)]^n and [F(x)]^n are the survival function and the distribution function of the minimum and the maximum of n independent, identically distributed random variables, where S and F are their common survival and distribution functions, respectively. These two extreme order statistics play important role in countless applications, and are the central and well-studied objects

BACKGROUND: Current clinical assessments of motor function in Huntington's Disease (HD) rely on subjective ratings such as the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating scale (UHDRS). The ability to track disease progression using simple, objective, inexpensive, and robust measures would be beneficial.METHODS: One objective measure of motor performance is hand-tapping. Over the last 14 years we have rou

Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscop

Optical absorption spectroscopy is a widely used analytical tool for constituent analysis in many applications. According to the Beer-Lambert law, the transmitted light intensity through a homogeneous medium is an exponential function of the product of the concentration, the total pathlength, and the absorption cross-section of the absorbing substance. By studying the intensity loss at the unique

Aims: A study was undertaken to examine whether poor self-rated health (SRH) can independently predict all-cause mortality during 22-year follow-up in middle-aged men and women. Subjects and methods: Data are derived from a population-based study in Malmo¨ , Sweden. This included baseline laboratory testing and a self-administered questionnaire. The question on global SRH was answered by 15,590 me