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Buildings of all types are increasingly becoming complex ‘systems of systems.’ They are subject to evolving societal objectives, new and innovative materials, and in many countries, regulatory ecosystems are having difficulty keeping pace with rapidly changing societal, environmental and technological changes. Two evolving objectives that are stimulating changes to buildings and communities are th

Repair and replacement strategies using cell replacement or viral gene transfer for neurologic diseases are becoming increasingly efficacious with clinically meaningful benefits in several conditions. An increased understanding of disease processes opens up opportunities for genetic therapies and precision medicine methods aiming at disease modification or repair of lesioned neurologic structures.

In the present study the time-course of DNA fragmentation following insulin-induced hypoglycemia was examined. In situ localization of DNA breaks were studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin- deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling method, and the temporal profile of DNA-fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cell nuclei displayed terminal deoxynucleotidyl

PURPOSE:To develop a phantom for validating MRI pulse sequences and data processing methods to quantify microscopic diffusion anisotropy in the human brain.METHODS:Using a liquid crystal consisting of water, detergent, and hydrocarbon, we designed a 0.5-L spherical phantom showing the theoretically highest possible degree of microscopic anisotropy. Data were acquired on the Connectome scanner usin

We implemented a functional neuronal network that was able to learn and discriminate haptic features from biomimetic tactile sensor inputs using a two-layer spiking neuron model and homeostatic synaptic learning mechanism. The first order neuron model was used to emulate biological tactile afferents and the second order neuron model was used to emulate biological cuneate neurons. We have evaluated

Over 100,000,000 people worldwide are exposed to high arsenic groundwater utilised for drinking or cooking. The consequent global avoidable disease burden is estimated to be of the order of 100,000 avoidable deaths or more per annum from just direct exposures e i.e. excluding indirect exposure (from rice and other foods) and excluding morbidity. Notwithstanding 1000s of papers published on arsenic

Public transport plays a major role in sustainable development of urban areas. However, transportation and infrastructure have to be efficient and in line with the wishes and demand of passengers. Local people have knowledge and experiences of the quality of services they want. When locals are involved, they include grass-root knowledge about ecology, environment, local livelihood problems and res

The subject of this thesis is protein dynamics. Papers I--IV and VI study either of two different processes: mechanical unfolding and aggregation. Paper V presents a computationally efficient all-atom model for proteins, variants of which are used to perform Monte Carlo simulations in the other papers. Mechanical unfolding experiments probe properties of proteins at the single molecule level. The

AbstractThe present compilation thesis is divided into two sections, one for each of two separate methodological issues: reduction of random errors in mortality estimates and offsetting random variation related bias in data generated estimators of risk inequalities.Summary of section AIn regard to the first issue a new family of survival functions is proposed. Its purpose is to provide valid and rThe present compilation thesis is divided into two sections, one for each of two separate methodological issues: reduction of random errors in mortality estimates and offsetting random variation related bias in data generated estimators of risk inequalities. Summary of section A In regard to the first issue a new family of survival functions is proposed. Its purpose is to provide valid and reliabl

This study presents the results of a set of large-scale fire tests performed on horizontal polyurethane foam slabs. Slab thickness, ignition location, and environment (free burn or corner wall) were varied over 23 individual tests. In a continuation of a previous study by the authors, four different slab thicknesses, five different ignition locations, and three environmental modification combinati

Coherent tunneling processes of multiple Cooper pairs across a Josephson junction give rise to high harmonics in the current phase relation. In this work, we propose and study Josephson junctions based on semiconductor-superconductor-ferromagnetic insulator heterostructures to engineer nonsinusoidal current-phase relations. The gate-tunability of the charge carriers' density in the semiconductor,

Contaminated sediments originating from dredging activities in a nuclear power plant site were placed in a pond, which has to be taken into consideration during the future decommissioning process. The sediments have to be handled to free release the site. The radionuclides Co-60 and Cs-137 were identified and the activity concentrations (Bq/kg) were quantified in the range of 10-6000 and 5-50 Bq k

A search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV delivered by the LHC is presented. The analysis is composed of three channels. The first targets pair-produced LLPs, where at least one LLP is produced with sufficiently low boost that its decay products can be resolved as separate jets. The second an

Multi-atlas segmentation has become a frequently used tool for medical image segmentation due to its outstanding performance. A computational bottleneck is that all atlas images need to be registered to a new target image. In this paper, we propose an intermediate representation of the whole atlas set – an überatlas – that can be used to speed up the registration process. The representation consis

The day-to-day variation in oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2) during ergometer cycling by 20 healthy adolescents, 10 females and 10 males, was measured using indirect calorimetry. The two sets of measurements were performed on two consecutive days. Great care was taken to minimize possible disturbing factors. Cycling started at 50 and 100 W for female and male adolescents, respectively. The lo

Here, we describe the preparation, structure, and properties of cryogel sponges, which represent a new type of macroporous biomaterial for tissue engineering. Cryogels were produced through freeze-thawing techniques, either from agarose alone or from agarose with grafted gelatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate agarose cryogel sponges as scaffolds for Culturing both isolated pancreatic islet

Dextrose syrups are produced from starch by liquefaction combined with saccharification. In the conventional production process, rotary vacuum filters (RVFs) with a diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr) coating as filter aid are often used for removal of the so-called mud phase after the liquefaction and saccharification step. This mud phase consists of insoluble impurities and suspended solids such as

There is a shortage of adequate, affordable shelter all over the world. Many households have shelter, but of unacceptable quality with respect to crowdedness, hygienic standard, indoor comfort, safety, security of land tenure, neighbourhood environment. Other families cannot afford their own shelter, but live with relatives or friends under very temporary conditions. Those who cannot afford the ho

The separate treatment of sludge liquor, produced by dewatering anaerobic digested sludge at wastewater treatment plants, gives rise to extreme environments for nitrogen removal. A full-scale sequencing batch reactor was operated with the aim of introducing and studying denitritation as a supplement to nitritation in order to reduce operating costs. Since the main plant only has problems with ammo