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Cellulose can be chemically modified to produce derivatives with specific properties. Knowledge of correlations between the modification reaction, substituent distribution, origin of cellulose and properties are importaint in order to design processess so as to produce derivatives with the desired properties. This thesis describes research on newly developed analytical methods for the analysis of
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den dramatiska samhällsomvandlingen i Öst- och Centraleuropa 1989-91 förändrade radikalt förutsättningarna för Europas politiska och ekonomiska liv. Den politiska och militära uppdelningen upphörde, gamla stater föll sönder och nya tillkom. I vårt närområde, Östersjöområdet, har förändringarna varit mer genomgripande än på många andra håll. Interaktionen mellan områdetsThe geopolitical transformation after 1989 had radical territorial consequences in almost all parts of East-Central Europe. In the Baltic Sea Area alone, five new states were formed. The process of European integration became a priotity on the agenda. The concept of integration describes a process of uniting two or more entities. Interaction (flows of goods, people and messages) must be seen as a
National goals regarding sustainable development from the Swedish government were decisive in the planning process when the newly built city district Western Harbour was established in the city of Malmo, Sweden. A systems analysis was used as a tool for evaluating different collection and treatment systems. This type of analysis does not include more subjective factors such as acceptance of organi
Following the East Asian success story Indonesia also subscribed to a model with increased productivity, income and equity through modernisation of agriculture. When it was hit by a severe crisis in 1997, Indonesia was regarded as one of the up and coming tigers of Southeast Asia. The crisis indicated that something was seriously wrong in the structure of the economy necessitating a re-examination
Forest soil carbon (C) pools may act as sinks for, or sources of, atmospheric carbon dioxide, while nitrogen (N) fertilization may affect the net exchange of C in forest ecosystems. Since all major C and N processes in soil are driven by soil microorganisms, we evaluated the effects of N fertilization on biomass and bacterial and fungal activity in soils from three Norway spruce forests with diffe
This paper studies the inclusion of the indigenous population in the Guatemalan democratisation process. The indigenous population have throughout the history of Guatemala always suffered from exclusion. Thus it is interesting to study if there have been any improvements in their situation since the signing of the peace agreement in 1996. The base of our paper is Donna Le Van Cott’s article, Build
Europeanization as a crucial insrument for democrtatization process in target countries requires gradual complaince with EU membership conditions where conditional positive incentives (ultimately EU membership) in return are offered as rewards to acceding countries. Provoked by conflicts at domestic level, the current setbacks in Europeanization proceses of several countries (here is Turkey and Se
The aim of this paper is to investigate certain aspects of the legal relationship between the EC and Switzerland in the field of public procurement. Public procurement can be defined as the purchase of goods, services, works and supplies by public authorities and enterprises. It comes as no surprise that public procurement has major economic ramifications, accounting for around 14% of the EC's
The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze South Korea's development process in comparison with Kenya. Based on how decision-makers in both countries have implemented the development and growth policies from the 60´s. The analysis shows that South Korea has applied the three macro-economic growth theoretical models and managed to get the growth engine in motion. Kenya, however, has f
Authors: Karin Lindsjö and Johanna Rydiander Title: Leadership in social work: A study of requested variables regarded middle level leaders during recruitment [translated title] Supervisor: Kristina Göransson Assessor: Staffan Blomberg Although working as a leader at middle level within social work is an interesting research area with its complex nature, there is not much science regarding this f
Since the second half of the 1990s onwards the EU has started comprehensive Europeanization reform process in the Western Balkan countries in the framework of its enlargement policy. One important aspect of the ongoing Europeanization process has been a democratization reforms. However, the WB region as a whole has continuously faced serious democratic deficit. Therefore, it is highly challenging
Sustainable Development is a widely acknowledged term in today's society. However, because of its vagueness and varying definitions, it is also a very contested term. This essay will focus on the World Commission on Environment and Development’s (WCED) Brundtland Report of 1987, which is also known as 'Our Common Future'. The report's analysis seeks to examine the underlying ideolo
The aim of the thesis is to bring clarity to what extent the routines for risk management in different divisions comply with the ones used at OKG AB as a whole. A mapping of the risk management was made through interviews with members of staff. It was observed that a common risk identification method at OKG would serve many purposes. Literature on COSO’s framework for Enterprise Risk Management an
This essay deals with the Swedish debate about high-performance bonuses in public administration; a subject which arose as it became clear that during a year of great financial losses, public companies had kept administering large bonuses. The study revolves around two main questions: How can bonuses in public administration be justified in general, and how does this apply to the Swedish high-perf
The purpose of this study and the overall question was to find reasons why individuals become overindebted. The main method has been record research. Application forms from 60 individuals regarding debt adjustment have been examined and analyzed. Functionalistic and marxistic theories have been used to achieve an overall understanding for the phenomenon. On a concrete level, theories by Peter Dell
Popular Abstract in Swedish Drygt en tiondel av Sveriges befolkning lider av hjärt-kärlsjukdom som också är den vanligaste dödsorsaken. Många av de akuta sjukdomstillstånden orsakas av att en bit inflammerad blodkärlsvävnad bryts loss från sitt fäste i något av de stora blodkärlen, färdas med blodet och täpper till blodflödet i mindre blodkärl. Detta leder till syrebrist och celldöd nedströms om dAbstract Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, but an unbalanced immune system plays a critical role in the disease development. A common theory states that a continuous stress to the vascular vessel wall initiates a repair process that however is insufficient to completely heal the tissue. This imbalance is associated with accumulation of cholesterol, which is an essential component of ce
Neutron reflectometry is a powerful tool used for studies of surfaces and interfaces. The absorption in the typical studied materials is neglected and this technique is limited only to the reflectivity measurement. For strongly absorbing nuclei, the absorption can be directly measured by using the neutron-induced fluorescence technique which exploits the prompt particle emission of absorbing isoto
The very act of retrieval modifies the accessibility of memory for knowledge and past events and can also cause forgetting. A prominent theory of such retrieval-induced forgetting holds that retrieval recruits inhibition to overcome interference from competing memories, rendering these memories inaccessible. The present study tested a fundamental tenet of the inhibitory-control account: the compet
