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Functions of biologically active molecules are frequently initiated by elementary chemical reactions such as energy and electron transfer, cis-trans isomerizations, and proton transfer. The nature of these reactions generally makes them very fast and efficient, occurring on picosecond and femtosecond timescales. Ultrafast spectroscopy has played an important role in the study of a number of biolog

Interactions between metals and natural organic matter (NOM) are of great environmental importance and one of the key factors influencing hydrolysis, solubility, and speciation of the metals. However, studying geochemically relevant metals like Al, Fe, and Cu is sometimes associated with analytical problems; for example Fe and Cu are both redox active. Gallium (Ga) is a non-redox active metal that

In this work, the water extraction and particle formation on-line (WEPO) process has been used to obtain dry antioxidant powder from rosemary leaves. This process includes pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and on-line drying of the extracts in one step. Based on previous works, water extraction at 200 degrees C was selected to achieve the maximum antioxidant activity while water flow rate wa

This licentiate thesis is in the field of biomedical signal processing with main focus on processing of the vascular sounds of the hemodialysis vascular access in patient undergoing hemodialysis. The first paper proposes a feature extraction method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for acoustic detection of venous stenosis. The method exploits the changes on the morphology due to the pre

Abstract Background. Dosimetry in radionuclide therapy estimates delivered absorbed doses to tumours and ensures that absorbed dose levels to normal organs are below tolerance levels. One procedure is to determine time-activity curves in volumes-of-interests from which the absorbed dose is estimated using SPECT with appropriate corrections for attenuation, scatter and collimator response. From cor

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med avhandlingen var att utveckla en modell för ledarskap som påverkar målorienterad social kreativitet i organisationer. Modellen, på engelska benämnd Generative learning management, har två dimensioner: målstyrning genom tilldelning och decentralisering av beslutsrätten över strategiutveckling för att nå målen i analogi med parallell distribution. I rent praktiA main purpose of this thesis was to develop a model of leadership style named Generative Learning Management (GLM), thought to influence goal-oriented interpersonal creativity in organizations, and to test this model. Creativity is a complex consisting of both novelty and usefulness and it is a general mental ability that is determined by the interplay between different regions in a normally func

In a finite world, developing a sustainable society requires both a more sustainable management of resources and a more sustainable management of human beings.Therefore deep understanding of processes underlying systems of production and consumption is needed. The question that is being asked in this chapter is whether neoclassical economics can provide solid ground to further advance the economic

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sortering av bakteriedödande proteiner till behållarna i vita blodkroppar Vita blodkroppar har en livsviktig roll i det medfödda immunförsvaret som fagocyter, bakterieätare. Denna funktion, första linjens försvar, utövas av neutrofila granulocyter (neutrofiler), en speciell slags vita blodkroppar som är specialiserade på bakterieätning (fagocytos). När bakterier angripThe neutrophil granulocytes have a critical role in innate immunity in particular through phagocytosis of microorganisms. Their cytoplasmic granule subsets store digestive enzymes and antibiotic proteins that are released during this event. During the passage in the secretory pathway the granule proteins are retrieved from constitutive secretion to become sorted for storage. The aim of this thesis

We discuss thermal fluid-structure interaction processes, where a simulation of the time-dependent temperature field is of interest. Thereby, we consider partitioned coupling schemes with a Dirichlet-Neumann method. We present an analysis of the method on a model problem of discretized coupled linear heat equations. This shows that for large quotients in the heat conductivities, the convergence ra

Background: Preterm birth is known to constitute the major risk factor for development of germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH). Head position may affect cerebral hemodynamics and thus may be involved indirectly in development of GM-IVH. Turning the head toward one side may functionally occlude jugular venous drainage on the ipsilateral side while increasing intracranial pressure an

An introduction to and edition of a previously unpublished legend for the Canonization Day of the Swedish national saint, Birgitta Birgersdotter. The legend exists today in one single manuscript, Uppsala University Library, ms. C 24, written in the second half of the fifteenth century. The legend has three main parts: the first describes the holy life of St Birgitta in the form of two "sermons"; t

The standard approach in feedback control systems is to sample and control periodically. For some applications, such as networked control systems or severely energy-constrained systems, it could be advantageous to instead use event-based control schemes. Aperiodic control (that is, event-based control with no specified minimum inter-event time) of first-order stochastic systems has been investigat

As the largest single energy-consuming component in most biological wastewater treatment systems, control of aeration is of great interest seen from an energy savings point of view. This paper suggests a simple way of using on-line ammonium measurements to control aeration in a pre-denitrification plant by controlling the dissolved oxygen setpoint. The controller works primarily by feed-forward ba

Appreciation and production of musical rhythm is a human universal and, as with other human capacities, it is imperative to understand the extent of our capacity to perceive and produce rhythm. This thesis presents my work on the cognitive and perceptual aspects of rhythm perception and production at a slow tempi. In Paper I I establish that rhythm production, such as keeping the beat to a metron

Between 1970 and 1995, well over 200 directives dealing with environmental problems have been adopted by the European Community. The ambition in this study has been to understand the process whereby environmental concerns have been brought up on the Community agenda and how that agenda has subsequently been shaped. It is argued that by starting from a critical position in ecocentric and feminist t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Många olika proteiner kan produceras med hjälp av rekombinanta DNA tekniker. Ofta sätts vektorn som kodar för det rekombinanta proteinet in i bakterien E. coli, då den är välkänd. Det är viktigt att producera mycket celler för att uppnå hög produktivitet. Detta görs genom att näringsämnet (ofta glukos) tillsätts kontinuerligt till en så kallad semisats reaktor. TillsatsThe recombinant DNA techniques have made it possible to produce many different proteins for a wide range of applications. The vector encoding for the recombinant protein is often inserted in the bacterium E. coli as it is a well studied and a well-known organism. To achieve a high productivity, it is important to reach a high cell density. This is obtained through fed-batch operation where the nut

The problem of empty names derives from the fact that empty names fail to refer. The reference failure of empty names implies that sentences containing empty names lack truth-conditions. As a consequence those sentences are meaningless, according to many theories of meaning. The present dissertation addresses the problem of empty names and proposes a solution to the problem at hand. In brief, the