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The legal controversy on ''patents on life'' is not new but in the last two decades, we have seen the debate be intensified. Although patents on biological material have been allowed in the United States since the emergence of Diamond v. Chakrabarty in 1980, it was not until scientists at the National Institute of Health tried to patent thousands of gene fragments in the early nine
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka lagen (2020:62) om hemlig dataavläsning samt att jämföra den med tidigare tvångsmedelslagstiftningar och utvärdera tillämpningen av dem. Detta görs för att få möjlighet att analysera lagens lämplighet och den avvägning som lagen aktualiserar i dess införande och tillämpning, nämligen intresset av en effektiv brottsbekämpning å ena sidan och intresset av den peThis essay will investigate the Swedish Act of 2020:62 Regarding Secret Reading of Data in an attempt to gain an understanding of the law itself as well as create a comparative and evaluative matrix to older acts concerning governmental coercive measure. By doing so, it will be possible to analyze the suitability of the act and the prioritization between effective crimefighting measures and privac
This thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first part contains three chapters dealing with the analysis of duration data from an econometric perspective and with application to trade durations. The second part, consisting of the final chapter, focuses on the analysis of panel data and proposes a new test for poolability of the slope coefficients in cointegrated panel regressions. Chapter
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen beskriver utvecklingen och utvalda tillämpningar av en global vegetationsmodell, BIOME4. Modellen kan appliceras på frågeställningar kring vegetationsfördelning och klimat på höga latituder, produktion av spårgaser, och isotopers biogeokemi. Den demonstrerar hur en teoretisk modell, baserad på växtfysiologins och ekologins principer, kan tillämpas på interdThis thesis describes the development and selected applications of a global vegetation model, BIOME4. The model is applied to problems in high-latitude vegetation distribution and climate, trace gas production, and isotope biogeochemistry. It demonstrates how a modeling approach, based on principles of plant physiology and ecology, can be applied to interdisciplinary problems that cannot be adequa
En högriskobligation, eller företagsobligation med hög risk, är ett sätt för ett litet- eller medelstort företag med låg kreditvärdighet att anskaffa pengar på kapitalmarknaden. I takt med att hårdare krav ställs på seniora långivare så växer betydelsen av en välutvecklad marknad för högriskobligationer i Sverige. Detta är nödvändigt för att bibehålla en global konkurrenskraft hos svenska små- ochA high-yield bond is a financing option for a non-investment grade corporation, enabling it to raise funds on the capital market. In light of harsher conditions for senior financing, the development of a liquid high-yield market for bonds may prove a necessary way forward to ensure global competitiveness for Swedish small and medium-sized enterprises (“SMEs”) that typically relies heavily on bilat
Background: The Eye Clinic at Södersjukhuset used to be a healthcare facility with hospitalized patients, who stayed overnight. But with the construction of S:t Eriks eye hospital the healthcare facility was turned into a daytime clinic. The clinic stayed in the premises, which was oversized and not suited for clinical work. Over time the amount of patients and personnel increased until all rooms
Popular summary: Hydrocarbons, ground water and economic minerals occur in pores (voids) between sediment grains, which later may form more solid and less porous sedimentary rocks. Thus porosity is a term that describes the abundance of these pores and can be defined as the quantity of oil, gas, water and economic minerals a rock can hold and it is expressed as percentages (%). The other importa
Department of Geology research strategy 2014-2020 During the RQ08 Assessment the Department of Geology research groups received the grades ‘very strong’ to ‘outstanding’ by the evaluation panel. The first and most significant change in our internal research landscape since that time is the recruitment of high-level researchers from outside institutions that have expanded our research beyond the cl
https://www.geology.lu.se/sites/geology.lu.se/files/geologi_lbb_150303_eng.pdf - 2026-07-02
Talibanregimen har återfått makten av Afghanistan efter en 20 år lång amerikansk ockupation. Talibanregimen har infört ett förbud för flickor att delta i utbildning och raderat ut flickor och kvinnor från det offentliga rummet. Flickor och kvinnor har begränsats till att hålla sig i det egna hemmet, utan möjlighet att röra sig fritt utan en manlig, av staten erkänd, ledsagare (mahram). Flickor ochThe Taliban regime has regained power in Afghanistan after a 20-year occu-pation by America. The Taliban regime has imposed a ban on girls participat-ing in education and erased girls and women from the public sphere. Girls and women have been restricted to stay at home, unable to move freely without a state recognized male companion. Girls and women are subjected to serious discrimination on the
In light of the current global mass extinction of species, ecologists are facing great challenges. In order to reverse the path towards additional extinctions early warning systems to guide management actions need to be developed. However, considering the countless species to monitor and the complexity of interactions affecting species abundances in ecological communities, this is not an easy task
Popular Abstract in English Animal flight has always intrigued people, and different aspects of animal flight have therefore widely been studied by biologists, physicists and engineers. At least to me, the aspect concerning the aerodynamics of animal flight in particular is very interesting because of the complex temporal varying wake dynamics as a result of continually wing morphing in flapping fThe efficiency and performance of a flying animal is directly related to the aerodynamics around its body and flapping wings. Here, I have developed methods for quantifying the wake dynamics around a flying animal. The results are used to estimate the aerodynamic performance of flapping flight. Using these methods, I have studied flight of the Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), the Pallas’ Long
Background: The electrophysiological mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) are incompletely understood. Experimental studies have shown that remodelling of the atrial myocardium is linked to the occurrence and perpetuation of AF. Interatrial conduction disturbances and also delayed conduction at the posteroparaseptal region have also been reported as potential arrhythmogenic substrates. H
Popular Abstract in Swedish De flesta barn som insjuknar i epilepsi tillfrisknar eller blir anfallsfria med hjälp av antiepileptisk medicin. Hos drygt en fjärde del av barnen blir epilepsin svårbehandlad och anfallskontroll är svår att uppnå. Dessa barn ska i första hand erbjudas möjlighet till epilepsikirurgisk utredning och behandling. När epilepsikirurgisk behandling inte är möjlig att utföra eWhen anti-epileptic drugs fail, and epilepsy surgery is found unfeasible or ineffective, there remains a group of at least 25% of children with epilepsy in whom seizure control cannot be achieved. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. It is an implantable, multi-programmable pulse generator that delivers current electrical stimulation to the va
Uppsatsen behandlar entreprenörens rätt till tidsförlängning och ersättning vid hinder enligt AB 04 kap. 4 § 3 p. 1 och därtill relevanta bestämmelser i AB 04. Uppsatsen syftar till att öka förståelsen för entreprenörens möjligheter att erhålla tidsförlängning och ersättning för hinder enligt AB 04 kap. 4 § 3 p. 1 och AB 04 kap. 5 § 4. Fokus ligger särskilt på, hur beställarens ansvarskrets bestämThis thesis examines the contractor’s entitlement to extension of time and compensation for delay due to impediments under AB 04, Chapter 4, Section 3, Paragraph 1, and other relevant provisions of AB 04. The purpose of the thesis is to better the understanding of the contractor’s right to obtain time extensions and compensation for delay under AB 04 Chapter 4 Section 3 Paragraph 1 and AB 04 Chapt
Map design research has strongly come into the agenda with the extensive use of GIS and maps in geoportals. Geoportals are used to find, access and display geographic data via the Internet. Novel opportunities and techniques for displaying geographic data in viewing services also introduce new challenges and issues in cartographic design. Specifically, thematic polygon layers (foreground) will obs
This thesis focuses on the development and testing of electrocardiographic (ECG) methods to diagnose and characterize myocardial ischemia, infarction and fibrosis (scar). The goal is to provide improved decision support to physicians regarding the optimal selection of patients for two costly, invasive therapies – percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myocardial infarctio
Av rättsutredningar framgår att det finns stora likheter mellan den svenska koldioxidskatten och den europeiska handeln med utsläppsrätter. Särskilt deras funktioner som klimatpolitiska åtgärder i syfte att minska utsläpp av koldioxid utgör en gedigen grund för jämförelse, vilken är en utgångspunkt för uppsatsen. När ETS därutöver fyller en finansierande funktion för EU:s långtidsbudget, medan denJudicial inquiries show great similarities between the Swedish carbon tax and the European emission trading system. As important climate policies aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions, they constitute a solid ground for comparison which is an essential part of this thesis. When the purpose of ETS is gradually extended now serving as a budget financing source at an EU level whereas the Swedish
En affärsrelation mellan två kommersiella parter regleras ofta i flera, mer eller mindre sammanhängande avtal. Det kan då hända att bara ett av avtalen har försetts med en skiljeklausul medan övriga avtal saknar skiljeklausuler (eller innehåller oliklydande skiljeklausuler). Om det i framtiden skulle uppstå en tvist som inte grundas direkt på avtalet med skiljeklausul utan istället på något av de A business relationship between two commercial parties often consists of multiple contracts that are more or less connected to each other. In such a multi-contract context, it is possible that only one contract includes an arbitration clause while the other contracts lack arbitration clauses (or contain different arbitration clauses). If, in the future, a dispute arises which is not based directly
De senaste åren har antalet barn som tvångsomhändertas med stöd av lagen (1990:52) med särskilda bestämmelser om vård av unga, LVU, ökat kraftigt, och det finns ingen tydlig förklaring till varför denna ökning har skett. Tvångsomhändertaganden med stöd av LVU kan bl.a. bli aktuellt när en person under 20 år har något annat socialt nedbrytande beteende. Rekvisitet är tänkt att täcka in barn som på The last years the number of children subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act (LVU) increased substantially with no clear explanation. A person under 20 years can be subjected to compulsory care under the Care of Young Persons Act if he or she has a socially destructive behavior. The purpose of the prerequisite is to make sure that children who in other ways than through s
Den svenska arvsrätten kännetecknas av sega strukturer och långsamma förändringar. Reglerna har inte varit föremål för någon omfattande reform sedan början av 1900-talet. Nuvarande lagstiftning präglas därför av inslag från gamla normer och strukturer. Dessa gamla normer och strukturer utmanas och debatteras idag flitigt såväl i media som i de politiska organen. Den här framställningen belyser denThe Swedish succession law is characterized by strong structures and slow changes. The legislation has not been subject of any major reform since the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, the current legislation is characterized by elements of old norms and structures. These old norms and structures are challenged and debated today, both in the media and in political bodies. This thesis highli
