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Aim: To investigate the associations between major foods and dietary fibre with subtypes of stroke in a large prospective cohort. Methods and results: We analysed data on 418 329 men and women from nine European countries, with an average of 12.7 years of follow-up. Diet was assessed using validated country-specific questionnaires which asked about habitual intake over the past year, calibrated us

Objective: To evaluate whether the duration of the active phase of labor is associated with maternal body mass index (BMI), in nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor. Study design: Historical prospective cohort study including 63,829 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy and a spontaneous onset of labor, who delivered between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2009. Data were colle

Objective To determine the association between concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) at age 40-55 and subsequent risk of prostate cancer metastasis and mortality in an unscreened population to evaluate when to start screening for prostate cancer and whether rescreening could be risk stratified. Design Case-control study with 1: 3 matching nested within a highly representative population

Context: Immune functions seem to have connections to variations in body fat mass. Studies of knockout mice indicate that endogenous interleukin (IL)-1 can suppress mature-onset obesity. Objective: To systematically investigate our hypotheses that single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and/or haplotypes variants in the IL-1 gene system are associated with fat mass. Subjects: The Gothenburg osteop

Popular Abstract in Swedish Graviditetsdiabetes (GDM) definieras som nedsatt glukostolerans av varierande svårighets¬grad som upptäcks under graviditet och som oftast försvinner efter förlossning. GDM innebär ökad risk för såväl moder som barn. Kvinnor med GDM föder ofta stora barn och har ökad risk för komplikationer i samband med förlossningen. GDM-prevalensen varierar avsevärt mellan olika popuGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a heterogeneous disorder that is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Impaired beta-cell function and insulin resistance are the hallmarks of GDM. The overall aim of this thesis was to study the genetic and immunological risk factors that increase susceptibility to GDM. First, we investigated whether autoimmuni

1. The spontaneous mechanical activity of guinea-pig mesotubarium consists of fused tetanic contractions lasting about 6 min, with a frequency of about four per hour. The muscle is completely relaxed between the contractions. Stretching the relaxed muscle elicits a contraction of the same appearance as the spontaneous ones. Comparison of preparations from oestrus (day 1 of the hormonal cycle), dio

This study of maxillary sinus reconstruction in conjunction with insertion of endosseous implants included 99 patients. Two separate surgical methods were applied; a one-staged strategy (n=49) and a two-staged strategy (n=50). The aims were to compare two different strategies concerning implant and prosthetic construction survival. Differences in positioning and angulation of the inserted implants

Popular Abstract in Swedish SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Grupp B streptokocker (GBS) Grupp B streptokocker (GBS), på latin Streptococcus agalactiae, är det vanligaste fyndet vid bakteriella infektioner, som blodförgiftning (sepsis), hjärnhinneinflammation (meningit) och lunginflammation (pneumoni) hos nyfödda barn. Sjukdomsförloppet är ofta våldsamt och livshotande. Sedan 1970-talet har det skett enABSTRACT Streptococci constitute a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, divided into different serological groups on the basis of antigenic differences in a cell wall-associated carbohydrate. This thesis describes related surface proteins expressed by bacteria in two of these groups, the group B streptococcus (GBS) and the group A streptococcus (GAS). GBS is an encapsulated bacterium th

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling studerar kronisk venös sjukdom i nedre extremiteten, något som drabbar mellan 30 – 50% av den vuxna populationen i västvärlden. En viktig faktor i utredningen av kronisk venös sjukdom är s.k. reflux, vilket innebär att venklaffar inte förmår hindra blodet att rinna i ”fel” riktning. Därmed minskar möjligheten till ventryckssänkning i samband med arbete,Controversies exist regarding both what is required for a proper diagnosis of chronic venous disease (CVD), and what treatment to offer patients. An objective evaluation is mandatory to individualize treatment. This thesis deals with the evaluation of patients with CVD with specific emphasis on CEAP classification (C; clinical, E; etiological, A; anatomical, P; pathophysiological), symptoms and si

To cite this article: Schlehofer B, Siegmund B, Linseisen J, Schüz J, Rohrmann S, Becker S, Michaud D, Melin B, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Peeters PHM, Vineis P, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Romieu I, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Panico S, Sieri S, Tumino R, Sanchez M-J, Rodriguez L, Dorronsoro M, Duell EJ, Chirlaque M-D, Barricarte A, Borgq

Purpose: To evaluate: (i) the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction attained with a fixed treatment protocol and the untreated IOP level; (ii) the consistency of IOP reduction over time; and (iii) whether there is a threshold pretreatment IOP level below which IOP reduction might be less effective. Results are based on 128 patients with glaucoma with field defects, who were ran

The present thesis concerns middle-aged women’s subjective well-being (SWB). The interest is focused on the importance of childhood factors, social circumstances, and personality for middle-aged women’s general SWB. Data were taken from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA, Magnusson & Bergman, 2000) and concerned a sample of about 300 women. The main an

The required thermal insulation in cold conditions and time limits for cold exposure can be predicted by the thermal index IREQ/DLE (Insulation REQuired), described in ISO/TR-11079. The thermal insulation of a clothing ensemble can be measured with a thermal manikin or estimated according to ISO 9920. The basic thermal insulation of single garments (Iclu) can be summated to estimate the basic insu

The Amazon Basin is a unique region to study atmospheric aerosols, given their relevance for the regional hydrological cycle and the large uncertainty of their sources. Multi-year datasets are crucial when contrasting periods of natural conditions and periods influenced by anthropogenic emissions. In the wet season, biogenic sources and processes prevail, and the Amazonian atmospheric composition

Aim: To explore the correlation between fistula development and urinary flow measurements after hypospadias repair with emphasis on patients with urethrocutaneous fistula complications and to identify risk factors for fistula development. Methods: Urinary flow was examined in boys operated on for hypospadias. Outcome of maximum urinary flow (ml/s) (Qmax), voided volume for age (ml) (Volume), and p

A numerical model has been used to simulate the conditions observed during the ACE-2 Hillcloud experiment and to study the processes which may be taking place. The model incorporates gas phase chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen compounds upstream of the cloud, and the interaction of aerosol, precursor trace gases and oxidants within the cloud. Gas phase and aerosol inputs to the model have been pro

Background: Active surveillance (AS) is commonly used for men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). When life expectancy becomes too short for curative treatment to be beneficial, a change from AS to watchful waiting (WW) follows. Little is known about this change since it is rarely documented in medical records. Objective: To model transition from AS to WW and how this is affected by age and comor

Aims: We applied near-infrared-spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure absolute frontal cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) during head-up tilt test (HUT) in patients investigated for unexplained syncope.Methods and results: Synchronized non-invasive beat-to-beat haemodynamic monitoring, ECG, SctO2 (NIRS; normal range: 60-80%), and peripheral oxygen saturation (left hand, SpO2) were applied during HU

Background: Dextran-70 is a more potent plasma volume expander than albumin but use has beenhampered because of it´s antithrombotic properties. However, also albumin has antithromboticproperties and little is known about relative effects of these two colloids on coagulation in-vivo whencontrolling for differences in efficacy as plasma volume expanders. Aim: Compare effects of dextran-70 and albumiBACKGROUND: Dextran-70 is a more potent plasma volume expander than albumin but use has been hampered because of it's antithrombotic properties. However, also albumin has antithrombotic properties and little is known about relative effects of these two colloids on coagulation in-vivo when controlling for differences in efficacy as plasma volume expanders.AIM: Compare effects of dextran-70 and albu

OBJECTIVE: Aortic aneurysm size is a critical determinant of the need for intervention, yet the maximal diameter will often vary depending on the modality and method of measurement. We aimed to define the relationship between commonly used computed tomography (CT) measurement techniques and those based on current reporting standards and to compare the values obtained with diameter measured using u