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Background: Reliable exposure data is a vital concern in medical epidemiology and intervention studies. The present study addresses the needs of the medical researcher to spend monetary resources devoted to exposure assessment with an optimal cost-efficiency, i.e. obtain the best possible statistical performance at a specified budget. A few previous studies have suggested mathematical optimization
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att ha en allvarlig hjärtsjukdom är oftast förknippat med oro och rädsla. När det bestäms att patienten ska genomgå en planerad hjärtoperation, kan det vara avgörande för patientens och de närståendes välbefinnande hur de bemöts av all hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, som de kommer i kontakt med under väntetiden samt vilket stöd de då upplever. Att korrekt och saklig inforPatients waiting for cardiac surgery often consider the period from the decision for surgery to the time for the operation as long, heavy and dreary. Therefore, it is important that patients are supplied with structured oral and written information regarding their disease and its treatment, so that they are able to understand and discuss the forthcoming operation, the risk of complications and the
Popular Abstract in Swedish SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Grupp B streptokocker (GBS) Grupp B streptokocker (GBS), på latin Streptococcus agalactiae, är det vanligaste fyndet vid bakteriella infektioner, som blodförgiftning (sepsis), hjärnhinneinflammation (meningit) och lunginflammation (pneumoni) hos nyfödda barn. Sjukdomsförloppet är ofta våldsamt och livshotande. Sedan 1970-talet har det skett enABSTRACT Streptococci constitute a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria, divided into different serological groups on the basis of antigenic differences in a cell wall-associated carbohydrate. This thesis describes related surface proteins expressed by bacteria in two of these groups, the group B streptococcus (GBS) and the group A streptococcus (GAS). GBS is an encapsulated bacterium th
Ethical issues in modern obstetrics commonly relate to a conflict between the rights and possibilities of the fetus versus those of the mother. After delivery, when the fetus by definition is a child, all legal rights are granted to this new individual. Whether any rights should be given or offered to the fetus is dependent on the prevailing situation. General rules are difficult to give due to th
The interest in diffusion imaging with nuclear magnetic resonance techniques has increased during the last few years. The main reason is the possibility of early diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke, at a time when conventional MR techniques and computerised tomography fail. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate methods for the measurement of water self-diffusion in vivo usin
Background There are limited data available on tumour subtype-specific familial risks for nervous-system tumours. We aimed to provide such data at the population level. Methods We used data from the nationwide Swedish and Norwegian databases on familial cancer to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRS) for the familial risk of developing a nervous-system tumour in offspring born after 1931
We consider two interrelated tasks in a synchronous n-node ring: distributed constant colouring and local communication. We investigate the impact of the amount of knowledge available to nodes on the time of completing these tasks. Every node knows the labels of nodes up to a distance r from it, called the knowledge radius. In distributed constant colouring every node has to assign itself one out
This report describes a model for the estimation of the time required to evacuate a building, by dividing the evacuation process into three phases: awareness, behaviour and response, and movement. The times required in each of these phases can be estimated separately and the sum then represents the total evacuation time. The time elapsed from the fire breaking out, to the discovery of the fire, is
Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandlingen studeras solljusets effekter på organiskt material och bakterier i akvatiska ekosystem. Särskild inriktas arbetet på UV-B strålning då instrålning till jorden av detta kortvågiga UV-ljus troligen ökar p g a ett minskat ozonlager. Ozonlagersproblematiken är verifierad över både norra och södra halvklotet. Resultaten visar på att en betydande del av This thesis examines the role of sunlight, specifically ultraviolet-B radiation (280-320 nm), on dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacteria in lakes. Field experiments in lakes with different humic contents and geographical locations have been performed. Photooxidation result in that part of DOM is oxidized to inorganic carbon (DIC), mainly CO2. The photooxidation rate can be of the same magnitu
Background: People with disabilities have the right to personal mobility and available and affordable assistive technology, according to the Convention of Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The aims were to investigate similarities and differences between Sierra Leone and Malawi concerning participants’ mobility and satisfaction with their lower-limb prosthetic or orthotic device and related ser
Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscop
Titel: Lock-up Avtalens Påverkan på Förstadagsavkastningen - En studie på svenska marknaden mellan åren 2010 och 2017 Seminariedatum: 2017-05-31 Kurs: FEKH89, Examensarbete i Finansiering på kandidatnivå, 15 hp Författare: Niclas Hermansson, Marcus Lundberg, Daniel Rosengren Handledare: Susanne Arvidsson Nyckelord: Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka lock-up avtalens betydelse för börsintroduTitle: Lock-up Avtalens Påverkan på Förstadagsavkastningen - En studie på svenska marknaden mellan åren 2010 och 2017 Date of Seminar: 2017-05-31 Course: FEKH89, Bachelor Thesis in Corporate Finance, 15 ECTS Authors: Niclas Hermansson, Marcus Lundberg, Daniel Rosengren Advisor: Susanne Arvidsson Purpose: The study aims to explore and analyze the potential importance of lock-up agreements on first
Hedersbegreppet finns på något sätt inom alla kulturer. Mot slutet av 1990-talet uppmärksammades hedersproblematiken runt om i västvärlden. I början av 2000-talet slog Sverige av hedersproblematiken, när tre flickor mördades. Alla tre flickor hade träffat svenska killar som de börjat umgås med, något som familjen och släkten ansåg hade skämt ut familjen och som resulterade i att de mördades. UppsaThe concept of honor exists in some way within all cultures. Towards the end of the 1990s, the issue of honor was recognized throughout the western world. In the early 2000s, Sweden was confronted with the subject, when three girls were murdered. All three girls had met Swedish guys whom they had started to socialize with, something that the family considered to have brought the family shame and w
I många tvistemålsrättegångar råder osäkerhet om ett rättsfaktum föreligger eller inte. Det kan exempelvis röra sig om att domaren inte vet om en betalning skett eller ej. Domaren kan inte avstå från att avgöra målet. Ofta tas förgivet att just en bevisbörderegel ska användas, även fast överviktsprincipen är ett alternativ. Rättssäkerhet är en grundbult i en fungerande rättsstat. Bör då inte den lIn many civil lawsuits, there is an uncertainty regarding it is unclear whether a fact is valid or not. For example the judge is might be unaware whether payment has been sent or not. The judge cannot, however, choose to omit to resolve the case. It is often taken for granted that the burden of proof principle should be used, even though the rule of preponderance of evidence also is an alternative
Påverkar rovfisk mörtens migrationsbeteende? Migration är ett mycket vanligt fenomen i djurriket. Det är en ofta säsongsbunden händelse med syfte av att till exempel söka efter föda, parningstillfällen eller för att undkomma rovdjur eller någon annan riskfylld miljö. Ibland är det bara vissa individer i en population av migrerande djur som deltar. Detta kallas i litteraturen för partiell migratioPartial migration, defined as when only some individuals within a population migrate whereas others remain as year-round residents, is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. However, the reasons why some, but not all individuals migrate are not fully understood. Results from multiple recent studies indicate that the propensity to migrate often is flexible and influenced by ecological factors such as fo
Titel: Framtidens Projektledare, i en digital och global byggbransch. Författare: Sebastian Larsson Handledare: Radhlinah Aulin, universitetslektor på̊ institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknologi, avdelningen för byggproduktion, Lunds Universitet. Examinator: Anne Landin, professor på̊ institutionen för bygg- och miljöteknologi, avdelningen för byggproduktion, Lunds Universitet. Syfte: Syftet mTitle: The Future Project Manager, in a globalized and digitized construction industry. Author: Sebastian Larsson Supervisor: Radhlinah Aulin, Senior lecturer at the Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Construction Management, Lund University. Examinator: Anne Landin, Professor at the Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Construction Mana
Enligt svensk processrätt råder som huvudregel fri bevisvärdering och fri bevisföring. Fri bevisföring innebär att det som utgångspunkt inte får finnas någon begränsning av vilken sorts bevisning som presenteras i en rättegång. Detta hänger samman med den fria bevisvärderingen som innebär att det inte finns några regler gällande hur en viss typ av bevisning får värderas. Vidare har enligt artikel According to Swedish procedural law, the process of production of evidence and the evaluation of evidence should be free. That the production of evidence is free means that, as a general rule, there must be no restriction on the type of evidence presented in trial. This is connected with the free evaluation of evidence, which means that there must be no rules regarding how a certain type of eviden
Vacation or staycation? Seasonal migration is common practice among many different species, including many birds. Birds living in cold climates, such as Scandinavia, experience food shortage during the winter months. Thus, many chose to vacation abroad where the climate is warmer and food is plentiful. However, not all bids in a population make the move – some stay put. This is known as partial
I Sverige bor ca 85% av befolkningen i stan, vilket har genererat stora mängder trafik i städerna. För att klara av den ökade trafiken, minska olägenheterna trafiken skapar och uppnå effektiv mobilitet erbjuder ITS, intelligenta transportsystem, och IoT, internet of things, applikationer olika digitala hjälpmedel för att lösa de begynnande problemen. Syftet för detta arbete har varit att ta redaAbout 85% of Sweden’s population live in a city, which have resulted in great amounts of traffic in the cities. To deal with the increasing traffic, decrease the disadvantages that the traffic creates and achieve effective mobility ITS, Intelligent transport system, and IoT, internet of things applications offer digital tools to solve the rising issues. The purpose of the study has been to find
We live in a digitalized world where visuals are as essential to us as they have never been. Tourism and hospitality are not an exception here but rather examples of huge dependence on visual culture. Due to the fast spread of digital technologies, new forms of virtual mobilities have been intensified including services for choosing accommodation on digitalized platforms. Airbnb.com and Couchsurfi
