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The human lung is a complex tissue consisting of a heterogeneous mix of different structures and cells, each which a specific role that together contribute to the primary function of the organ: the gas exchange. Different mesenchymal cells populate the interstitial areas around airways and blood vessels and form the connective tissue together with the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts constitute o

Background: The demographic shift is fast becoming a global challenge. Populations ageing rapidly is widely seen as one of the most powerful transformative forces affecting society over the next four decades.Due to the demographic challenge in most countries it is important to consider making working life sustainable. It is obvious that the main factor that distinguishes senior workers from other

BACKGROUND: An intact umbilical cord allows the physiological transfusion of blood from the placenta to the neonate, which reduces infant iron deficiency and is associated with improved development during early childhood. The implementation of delayed cord clamping practice varies depending on mode of delivery, as well as gestational age and neonatal compromise. Emerging evidence shows that infant

Although recent modeling suggests that needle–syringe programs (NSPs) have reduced parenteral HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kenya, the prevalence in this population remains high (∼14–20%, compared to ∼4% in the larger population). Reducing transmission or acquisition requires understanding historic and modern transmission trends, but the relationship between the PWID HIV

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting inflammatory vasculitis affecting predominantly medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. A number of recent studies conducted in different European countries have demonstrated alarmingly high coronary complications despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). These high complication rates now emphasize the n

In many biomedical contexts, e. g. when evaluating hearing disorders, the data obtained can be described as pairs (x1, y1), …, (xn, yn) where x is a quantitative variable and y a 0/1 variable whose probability of taking the value 1 is a monotonic function of x. One way of analysing such data is to perform probit regression; thereby two parameters, b0 (= the constant) and b1 (= the slope) are estim

I den svenska skadeståndsrätten finns endast en begränsad möjlighet till ersättning då en individ drabbats av en ideell skada. Med Europakonventionen och dess ökade inflytande i rättstillämpningen har dock denna möjlighet utvidgats, med förutsättning att en kränkning av en rättighet i konventionen har kunna konstaterats. Efter inkorporeringen av konventionen i svensk lag blev det ännu tydligare atIn Swedish tort law there is a very limited right to non-pecuniary damages if an individual has suffered moral injury. However, the right to compensation has expanded with the European Conventions on Human Rights and its influence over the application of law in the Swedish courts. This of course granted a violation of a provision in the Convention has been confirmed. After the incorporation of the

This report aims to examine the economic conditions of photovoltaic systems in sports halls. It also intends to examine if it is economically viable to use the excess production from the solar electricity to heat up a hot water storage tank instead of selling it into the grid. This will be answered by studying Knislinge sports hall. Two different configurations of the solar system were investigat

Det finns i detta nu en pågående debatt inom den offentliga upphandlingen kring huruvida det är en för samhället positiv sak att i samband med upphandlingsprocessen ställa krav på att leverantören lever upp till vissa sociala åtaganden. De senaste årens utveckling har resulterat i att EU i allt större utsträckning uppmuntrar upphandlande myndigheter att använda sig av sociala hänsyn i sina upphandThere is, as we speak, an on-going debate within the area of public procurement, about whether the society has something to gain by setting social requirements on suppliers in the procurement process. The last years’ development has resulted in that the EU in a wider range encourage government bodies to take social concerns in public procurement, with the purpose to reach the common goals that the

Identification of mechanisms behind tissue destruction in caries Caries is a common problem in everyday life and the disease is characterized by destruction of the hard tissues of the teeth allowing for bacteria to enter the cavities formed and finally reach the pulp tissue. There are two types of bacteria: gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria where gram-positive bacteria are thought to be th

Den 1 januari 2016 skärptes kraven för luftutsläpp från förbränningsanläggningar genom För-ordningen (2013:252) om stora förbränningsanläggningar. I förordningen skärptes bland annat kraven för utsläpp av kväveoxider, NOX. Till följd av de skärpta kraven berördes Kraftringens produktionsanläggning Gunnesboverket. På anläggningen finns tre biooljeeldade hetvatten-pannor för fjärrvärmeproduktion därNew regulations regarding emissions of air pollutants came into force as of January 1st 2016 in Sweden. The regulations are found in “The Regulation on Large Combustion Plants” SFS 2013:252. The regulation contained stricter regulations of NOX emissions which affected the energy company Kraftringen and their three biooil-fueled boilers, at the heating plant Gunnesboverket, that are used for produc

Det är vanligt att parter till ett licensavtal kommer överens om vilken part som ska vara ansvarig för att skydda licensobjektet mot intrång. I samband med det inför parterna ofta en klausul i licensavtalet som föreskriver begränsningar i licenstagarens rätt att föra intrångstalan. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vad parter till ett licensavtal bör beakta vid införandet av en klausulIt is common that parties to a license agreement decide which party is to be responsible for protecting the license object from infringement. In connection to this, the parties often implement a contractual clause in the license agreement which provides restrictions on the licensee's right to bring infringement actions before court. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine what parties

Principen om ekonomisk dubbelbeskattning gäller som huvudregel i svensk rätt. Detta innebär att inkomster i företag som lämnas som utdelning till företagets ägare ska beskattas två gånger. Först en gång i företaget som skatt på inkomsten, och sedan ytterligare en gång när den lämnar företaget och beskattas hos mottagaren som inkomst av kapital. För ekonomiska föreningar som är att anse som kooperaThe principle of economical double taxation (not to be confused with international double taxation) is a centerpiece to the Swedish fiscal legislative system. Paid dividends are according to this principle subjected to taxation twice before they are received by a shareholder. Initially, the income of a company will be subjected to corporate taxation. Thereafter, when it leaves the company as paid

Största delen av det svenska vägnätet består idag av belagd väg. Med det i åtanke så krävs det därför att vägarna vid sin anläggning respektive när underhållsåtgärd sker blivit väl dimensionerade samt blivit korrekt utförda. Under en tid i Sverige har Trafikverket med sitt dokument TRVK väg numera TRVINFRA styrt hur de statliga vägarna skall dimensioneras med sina tre dimensioneringsklasser. I dirThe largest part of the Swedish state roads are today paved. With this in mind it is therefore demanded when a road in question is constructed respectively when a maintenance measure is taken place that the dimensioning of the road from the start was done properly. Since a while back in Sweden it has been upon the Swedish Transport Administration to regulate with their document “TRVK Väg”, now TRV

Sammanfattning Jordens befolkning förväntas öka de kommande årtiondena. Detta kan skapa osäkerhet kring livsmedelsförsörjning och kräver en mer produktiv livsmedelssektor samt metoder för att bedöma tillgång på livsmedel i förhållande till efterfrågan. Utvecklandet av lågkostnadsmetoder för övervakning av grödor kan stödja en hållbar intensifiering av jordbruket och tillhandahålla användbar inforAbstract The population of earth is projected to increase the coming decades. This can pose problems of food security and demands a more productive food sector as well as methods of assessing food productivity in relation to demand. Crop monitoring with remote sensing can guide precision farming used for sustainable intensification of agriculture, as well as contribute to yield forecasting models

Syftet med denna framställning är att utreda och analysera säljarens ansvar vid informationsgivning till potentiella köpare i samband med förhandlade företagsöverlåtelser. Säljaren vill med sin information till köparen få målbolaget att framstå som så attraktivt som möjligt, han vill med andra ord göra en så god affär som möjligt inom de ramar som lagen ställer upp. Huvudfrågan som uppsatsen sökerThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate and analyze vendor's liability for disclosure of information to potential purchasers of unlisted shares. The seller wants the target company to appear as attractive as possible; in other words he wants to make the most favorable deal possible within the limits of the law. The main question in this thesis is to analyze what information and circumstan

The aim of this thesis is to examine intimate partner violence (IPV) towards pregnant women, with the ambition of fulfilling the gap of available knowledge about this complex subject area, in the Chinese context. The specific objects are: 1) to assess the risk factors and forms associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy 2) to explore the social dynamics and gender power relati

Visualisering är ett viktigt verktyg för förståelsen av olika fenomen inom mekaniken. Vid datormodellering med finita elementmetoden utförs flera steg som med hjälp av visualisering kan underlätta förståelse och inlärning. CALFEM är ett finita elementverktyg utvecklat vid LTH, med fokus på utbildning. För att verifiera att en finita elementmodell är korrekt utformad är det viktigt att kunna visualVisualizing results is an important part of Finite Element (FE) modeling. Many tools exist for visualizing these results, they are often part of complete software packages for FE analysis. These packages often rely on the user being familiar with FE analysis, making them unsuitable for use in teaching the FE Method. CALFEM (Computer Aided Learning of the Finite Element Method) is an FE toolbox de

Av de 70 000 personerna som blev diagnoserade med cancer i Sverige 2021, fick runt 4000 lungcancer. Lungcancer är vanligen elakartade celler som utgår från lungans slemhinna. Behandling innefattar oftast operation eller strålterapi, ibland i kombination med cellgifter eller immunterapi. Inför strålbehandling gör patienten en röntgenundersökning som ger bilder i tre dimensioner, en så kallad datorPurpose: The purpose of this master thesis was to retrospectively investigate correlation between surface and tumour motion in lung cancer patients, alongside deep learning applications of the results. Additional correlations such as age, tumour volume and anatomical placement of the tumour were also investigated. Materials and Methods: 48 lung cancer patients treated with Stereotactic Body Radia

The unprecedented military and economic support provided by non-participating States to Ukraine following the Russian aggression has reignited the debate surrounding the law of neutrality. The law of neutrality, first codified in the Hague Conventions of 1907, defines the legal relationship between States involved in an international armed conflict (IAC), known as belligerents, and States not taki