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A key task in the ESMERALDA project dealt with identifying appropriate case studies to test the ‘flexible methodology’ in its different stages of development. Case studies consist of working examples in which mapping and assessment of ecosystem services were applied to address specific decision-making problems. Testing is understood as an iterative process of co-learning that involves project part

A major challenge in neuroscience is to resolve the connection between gene functionality, neuronal circuits, and behavior. Most, if not all, neuronal circuits of the adult brain contain a glutamatergic component, the nature of which has been difficult to assess because of the vast cellular abundance of glutamate. In this study, we wanted to determine the role of a restricted subpopulation of glut

Introduction: Adenosine is a common pharmacological vasodilator agent used in first pass perfusion MRI as well as nuclear cardiology and echocardiography. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) by adenosine is inhibited by caffeine and therefore caffeine abstinence is routinely proscribed in patients. However, the guidelines differ regarding how long abstinence is needed from 12 to 24 hours. Purpose: This st

This concluding chapter gives an overview of social inclusiveness at universities in the 11 countries covered in this book. Which are the most important obstacles for young people to do higher education studies, why do such obstacles remain, and what, if anything, is being done about it? One interesting aspect of the country studies is the difference when it comes to the role of private universiti

During 1984–2009, Greylag Geese Anser anser were neck-banded at two lakes six kilometres apart in southwest Scania, southernmost Sweden: 2308 at lake Yddingen and 633 at Klosterviken (part of lake Bör-ringe). Through 2013 we recorded 51 132 and 29 937 re-sightings, respectively. We analyse the distribution patterns within Scania during the post-breeding months July–March. In spite of the short dis

Sample quality is of major importance when conducting molecular analysis of nucleic acids, and factors such as degradation, presence of impurities, and enzymatic inhibitors may have a significant impact on the quality of data. Issues of quality assessment become more important as the increased use of biobanking means that whole blood samples are being stored for longer periods. A range of commerci

Objective: To investigate whether the Multi-Biomarker Disease Activity (MBDA) score predicts optimal add-on treatment in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were inadequate responders to MTX (MTX-IRs). Methods: We analyzed data from 157 MTX-IRs (with a Disease Activity Score using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate [DAS28-ESR] >3.2) from the Swedish Pharmacotherapy (SWEFOT) trial who

The recent interest in massive MIMO has spurred intensive work on massive MIMO channel modeling in contemporary literature. However, current models fail to take the characteristics of terminal antennas into account. There is no massive MIMO channel model available that can be used for evaluation of the influence of different antenna characteristics at the terminal side. In this paper, we provide a

Water drainage from porous media is a highly dynamic process often marked by rapid piston-like air invasion events at the front and other rapid interfacial reconfigurations. Liquid phase entrapped behind the moving front drains at significantly slower rates often via gravity driven flow through corners and crevices. This distribution of slowly draining residual water phase determines the plant ava

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent fragmentation of semi-natural habitats severely restrict pollinator and pollen movement threatening both pollinator and plant species. Linear landscape elements such as hedgerows are planted for agricultural and conservation purposes to increase the resource availability and habitat connectivity supporting populations of beneficial organisms such as

The delivery of ibuprofen into and through the skin from novel formulations containing TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril-based (TOCN) gels was compared to that from two conventional and commercially available products. The gels were evaluated in-vitro (using both silicone membranes, and pig skin) and in-vivo in human volunteers. All gels showed consistent behaviour in a standard in vitro release

Around 20 % of all electrical energy goes to lighting. There is a strong need to make this figure lower. Our research group has for more than a decade worked with the problem how to reduce the energy use for lighting, but at the same time provide better lighting conditions to meet human needs. The work comprises both laboratory studies and field studies. Two different tracks have been used: One th

Astrocytes are essential cells for normal brain functionality and have recently emerged as key players in many neurological diseases. However, the limited availability of human primary astrocytes for cell culture studies hinders our understanding of their physiology and precise role in disease development and progression. Here, we describe a detailed step-by-step protocol to rapidly and efficientl

The Northeast region of Brazil is one of the most susceptible parts of the country to the effects of climate variability leading to severe droughts or extreme floods. Indeed, drought is a major issue due to a large semiarid area that covers 53% of the region, which determines the main climate characteristics of this region. On the other hand, extreme floods have caused widespread damage in river b

One of the benefits of cooperative hunting may be that predators can subdue larger prey. In spiders, cooperative, social species can capture prey many times larger than an individual predator. However, we propose that cooperative prey capture does not have to be associated with larger caught prey per se, but with an increase in the ratio of prey to predator body size. This can be achieved either b

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy has now been implemented as a standard of care for elective colonic resection around the world. During the adoption period, studies showed that conversion may be detrimental to patients, with poorer outcomes than both laparoscopic completed or planned open surgery. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether laparoscopic conversion was associated with a higher ma

Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Uzbekistan, this article looks at the way official state narratives are challenged by silent, unorganized, often unawares, gestures of resistance at the bottom of a society. Footing on a framework suggested by Scott’s definition of infrapolitics (2012), we propose to incorporate informal practices in a definition of informality that is more inclusive, a

Facing increasing pressure to decarbonize, innovation within the shipping sector has turned to low-and zero carbon solutions. In this paper we investigate how the development and implementation of biodiesel and liquefied biogas (LBG) in Norwegian coastal shipping has been influenced by the technological alignment with fossil fuels. We understand this influence to emanate from the (mis)match of bioFacing increasing pressure to decarbonize, innovation within the shipping sector has turned to low-and zero carbon solutions. In this paper we investigate how the development and implementation of biodiesel and liquefied biogas (LBG) in Norwegian coastal shipping has been influenced by the technological alignment with fossil fuels. We understand this influence to emanate from the (mis)match of bio

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on the emotional well-being of expecting mothers. Sweden's unique strategy for managing COVID-19 involved no national lockdown. Emphasis was instead placed on limiting crowding and asking citizens to practice social distancing measures.AIM: To gain a deeper understanding of how women not infected by SARS-CoV-2 experienced pregnancy during