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Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provide new prospects for studying human neurodevelopment and modeling neurological disease. In particular, iPSC-derived neural cells permit a direct comparison of disease-relevant molecular pathways in neurons and glia derived from patients and healthy individuals. A prerequisite for such comparative studies are robust pr
During the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, conditions for life in the city changed drastically. Investments in infrastructure, health and education coincided with economic growth, urbanisation and mortality decline. This dissertation uses newly available macro- and micro-level data to examine the consequences and mechanisms of an important investment in cities: the bui
The present study describes the testing and function of the drop-volume method in the analysis of fetal lung maturity with use of amniotic fluid. Elevated surface tension resulting from a lack of surface-active phospholipids (surfactant) is the primary etiologic defect in the development of respiratory distress syndrome. The drop-volume method quantifies the surface tension of amniotic fluid with
A search is performed for the electroweak pair production of charginos and associated production of a chargino and neutralino, each of which decays through an R-parity-violating coupling into a lepton and a W, Z, or Higgs boson. The trilepton invariant-mass spectrum is constructed from events with three or more leptons, targeting chargino decays that include an electron or muon and a leptonically
Establishing a solid chronological framework for Arctic marine sediments is a critical first step towards glacial and palaeoceanographic reconstructions. However, this has historically been more challenging than elsewhere in the world, and often results in core chronologies and subsequent paleoenvironmental reconstructions being questioned and overturned. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) da
Quinoa stalks glucuronoarabinoxylan (QSGAX) has been extracted by alkali and further utilized for production of two-types of xylooligosaccharides (XOs): i) enzymatically produced glucuronosylated-XOs (GXOs), and ii) a dilute acid produced mixture of non-substituted/substituted XOs of different degree of polymerization (DP). The respective mixtures were then separately evaluated as prebiotics by an
Objective. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the development of 24 urinary, gastrointestinal and sexual symptoms in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) during and after image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy (IG-VMAT). Material and methods. A total of 87 patients with PCa participated in this study. The patients were asked to complete a modified version of the Prostate Cance
Purpose The safe clinical implementation of pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy for lung tumors is complicated by the delivery uncertainties caused by breathing motion. The purpose of this feasibility study was to investigate whether a voluntary breath-hold technique could limit the delivery uncertainties resulting from interfractional motion. Methods and Materials Data from 15 patients with
The recent clinical trial (DAWN) suggests that recanalization treatment may be beneficial up to 24 h after stroke onset, thus re-opening avenues for development of new therapeutic strategies. Unfortunately, there is a continuous failure of drugs in clinical trials and one of the major reasons proposed for this translational roadblock is the animal models. Therefore, the purpose of this study was t
Background: Telephone nursing in primary healthcare has been suggested as a solution to the increased demand for easy access to healthcare, increased number of patients with complex problems, and lack of general practitioners. Registered nurses' assessments may also be of great importance for antibiotic prescriptions according to guidelines. The aim of this study was to describe registered nurses'
This paper addresses the challenge of achieving profitable city logistics initiatives. A case study examines the financial continuity of one such initiative in Sweden by exploring its cost structure, the relative importance of its revenue variables, and the variables that determine the economy of scale. The results show the potential of obtaining a viable business model and provide new insights in
This thesis is based on work done by the author on the development of plasma-based electron accelerators driven by ultra-intense laser pulses and dense electron bunches. Plasma based accelerators have several benefits, such as accelerating fields around 1000 times stronger than in “conventional” radio-frequency accelerators, which can allow for shrinking the overall footprint of the accelerator. T
BACKGROUND: Anastomotic stricture (AS) is the most frequently occurring complication that occurs after esophageal atresia (EA) repair. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis remains primarily unknown and there is inadequate knowledge regarding the risk factors for AS. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether gender and birth weight were risk
INTRODUCTION: The ability to provide primary care with the help of a digital platform raises both opportunities and risks. While access to primary care improves, overuse of services and medication may occur. The use of digital care technologies is likely to continue to increase and evidence of its effects, costs and distributional impacts is needed to support policy-making. Since 2016, the number
Background and purpose: The Global Quality Assurance of Radiation Therapy Clinical Trials Harmonization Group (GHG) is a collaborative group of Radiation Therapy Quality Assurance (RTQA) Groups harmonizing and improving RTQA for multi-institutional clinical trials. The objective of the GHG OAR Working Group was to unify OAR contouring guidance across RTQA groups by compiling a single reference lis
Computed tomography (CT)-derived finite element (FE) models have been proposed as a tool to improve the current clinical assessment of osteoporosis and personalized hip fracture risk by providing an accurate estimate of femoral strength. However, this solution has two main drawbacks, namely: (i) 3D CT images are needed, whereas 2D dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images are more generally av
Proactive identification of chemicals with skin sensitizing properties is a key toxicological endpoint within chemical safety assessment, as required by legislation for registration of chemicals. In order to meet demands of increased animal welfare and facilitate increased testing efficiency also in nonregulatory settings, considerable efforts have been made to develop nonanimal approaches to repl
The Amazon rainforests and their biological diversity are being lost rapidly by the onslaught of extractive industries, large-scale agriculture and infrastructure development, which also undermines the integrity of indigenous territories and ethnicities, threatening the tremendous cultural diversity of the Amazon. The loss of forest, the disintegration of local communities and the increase of the
