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Framtidens kliniska prövningar - Konceptualisering av ett decentraliserat digitalt system Tolv år och 1336 miljoner dollar, det är vad som krävs i genomsnitt för att framställa ett nytt läkemedel. För att kunna erbjuda alla människor så bra behandling som möjligt skulle det skulle därför vara fördelaktigt om processen kunde effektiviseras och ett viktigt steg i att få en ny behandling godkänd är

Utländska offentliga pensionsinstitut som får utdelningar från svenska företag beskattas i Sverige med kupongskatt på upp till 30 procent av utdelningens bruttobelopp. De inhemska motsvarigheterna, AP-fonderna, är statliga myndigheter och omfattas av statens skattebefrielse enligt inkomstskattelagen. Denna skillnad i beskattning av utdelningar har gett upphov till ett fördragsbrottsärende mot SverForeign public pension funds receiving dividends from Swedish companies are in Sweden subject to withholding tax of up to 30 percent of the gross amount of the dividends. The domestic equivalents, the Swedish governmental pension funds, the AP-funds, are exempt from income tax as they are a part of the Swedish state. This difference in taxation has given rise to infringement proceedings against Sw

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning av examensarbetet Utveckling av karaktäriserings-metoder för lignocellulosarika biogassubstrat. Smältande isar, extrema naturkatastrofer och rekordhöga temperaturer; det rapporteras daglig-en om nya händelser som påstås ha orsakats av den globala uppvärmningen. De flesta svenskar är numer familjära med uttrycket och miljömedvetenhet är något som blir mer och mer As the need of environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels is growing bigger, so is the need for knowledge and research around possible new raw materials that could serve that pur-pose. One discussed product is biogas. Since biogas can be produced from not only food waste and wastewater residue, but from any substrate that contains fats, proteins and/or car-bohydrates, with the help of d

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka unga konsumenters uppfattning om lojalitet inom klädbranschen samt deras upplevelse av företags lojalitetsprogram i relation till kundlojalitet. Metod: Denna kvalitativa studie har en abduktiv ansats där en kontinuerlig reflektion av teori och empiri har genomförts under hela skapandeprocessen. Den kvalitativa datainsamlingen har realiserats genom 14 stycken semistrPurpose: The purpose is to examine young consumers' perception of loyalty in the clothing industry as well as their experiences of how loyalty programs generate customer loyalty. Methodology: This qualitative study has an abductive approach where a dynamic and continuous reflection of theory and empiricism has been carried out throughout the creation process. The qualitative data collection h

The purpose of this study was to explain Greece’s decision to block EU’s statement on China’s human rights record at the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2017. By formulating a hypothesis that Greece’s decision was a result of Chinese investment in the country through the global infrastructure project “Belt and Road Initiative”, the study then engaged in a process tracing, combining both ind

Green technologies are essential to the development of sustainable economy and environmental protection. Stimulating innovation in green technologies requires environmental policies, regulations, public awareness, and more importantly intellectual property protection such as patents. This thesis explores the significance of patents in the green innovation process, and how patents affect the firms’

The Swedish regions struggle with resource utilization issues that threaten the ability to provide timely and efficient healthcare to the citizens. This study aims to investigate and map the current production, planning, and scheduling processes within the Swedish healthcare, as well as develop a digital solution. This is done through a user-centered design process, with the goal of designing a d

Memory impairment and prominent hippocampal atrophy are the most recognisable features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been known that hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures support memory processes. However, specific function of each MTL subfield remains to be elucidated. Not all MTL subfields are uniformly affected by AD pathology and the spread of AD pathology fol

Den 1 juli 2020 infördes ett nytt regelverk gällande rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang i Sverige och i samband med detta infördes även en uppgiftsskyldighet att lämna uppgifter om rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang till Skatteverket. För att ett arrangemang ska vara rapporteringspliktigt ska det vara gränsöverskridande samt innehålla minst ett kännetecken. Ett kännetecken är en egenskap i ett arranOn the July 1, 2020, a new framework of rules regarding reportable arrangements was introduced in Sweden and at the same time a reporting obligation to give information about reportable arrangements to the Swedish Tax Agency (STA) was introduced. For an arrangement to be reportable it must be cross-border and include at least one hallmark. A hallmark is a characteristic in an arrangement which is

Uppsatsen är en fallstudie över den svenska implementeringen av PSI-direktivet.4 Direktivet skulle enligt artikel 12 direktivet vara genomförd i svensk rätt senast den 1 juli 2005. Fullständigt genomförande förelåg emellertid inte förrän 1 juli 2010. Fem år efter det att direktivet skulle vara genomfört. Sverige en fördragsenlig skyldighet att implementera direktiv på ett fullgott sätt, korrekt ocIn this case study the subject matter is the Swedish transpositions process of the Directive 2003/98/EC of European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the re-use of public sector information (PSI-directive or Directive).1 Considering final date for transposition set out in the PSI-directive the Swedish implementation exceeded five years. Why was that? What could be the reasons be

Den process där nya länder går med Europeiska unionen (EU) kallas utvidgning. Det har haft en central roll i unionens utveckling. Sedan grundandet har EU vuxit från sex till tjugosju medlemsländer, under totalt sju utvidgningsomgångar. För närvarande är fem länder kandidater för medlemskap: Montenegro, Serbien, Albanien, Nordmakedonien och Turkiet. Kosovo och Bosnien och Hercegovina är potentiellaEnlargement, the process whereby countries join the European Union (EU), has had a key role in the Union’s development. Since its founding, the EU has grown from six to twenty-seven Member States, in a total of seven enlargement rounds. Currently, five countries are candidates for membership: Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, North Macedonia and Turkey. Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina are recognised

Ryggmärgsvätskan, eller cerebrospinalvätskan, är en klar, plasmaliknande vätska som fyller ventriklarna (hålrum i hjärnan) och rummen innanför kraniet och ryggraden. Ryggmärgsvätskan hjälper till att upprätthålla immunförsvaret och balansen av viktiga ämnen. Det agerar även som transportsystem för slaggprodukter ut ur det centrala nervsystemet för lösa ämnen som inte kan passera genom blod-hjärnbaBackground The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is involved in several diseases and patho- physiological states, such as Alzheimer’s disease and hydrocephalus. Previous studies CSF dynamics in the brain show that the flow of the CSF depends on cardiac pulsation, time of day and respiration. Methods In this thesis, the validity of using real time phase contrast MRI in order to study CSF flow is evaluated

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been applied for several years in the removal process pollutants from secondary treatment plants and stormwater. In this paper, the Variable Residence Time (VART) model for solute transport in streams was extended to simulate the BOD removal process in free water surface flow constructed wetlands (FWS CWs). The double layer concept of the basic VART model was extend

This research has tried to resolve the ongoing debate among the Swedish elites and politicians regarding why the adopted policy has failed to address the needs of patients with dementia in Sweden. It is argued that the origin of the debate lies between the policy formulation and how it is being implemented. Therefore, there is much concern about lack of coordination and stakeholder’s involvement d

På uppdrag från Trafikverket har en utredning om PAH-detektering inom vägteknik genomförts för att kunna ge förslag på hur de bör utforma ett kommande undersökningsprogram. Polycykliska aromatiska kolväten, PAH, är en grupp organiska föreningar som är en del av vägtjära. Vägtjära användes som bindemedel i asfaltsbeläggningar i Sverige under nästan 50 år, fram tills 1973. Flera PAH har visat sig vAn investigation regarding PAH detection in road pavements has been put together as an assignment from Trafikverket. The purpose of this investigation is to put forward suggestions about how they should shape their upcoming research program. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH, is an organic chemical compound which is found in road tar. Road tar was used as a bonding agent in asphalt pavements i

The aim of this study is to explore how employees at fountain houses in south of Sweden describes differences and similarities between them and members. The study is based on six qualitative interviews with employees, who has the title supervisors, from three different fountain houses. The empirics are analyzed throughout two main theories: Hannah Arendt’s theory about action, and Erving Goffman’s

This text is a qualitative study based on interviews with gender non normative co-parents who have experiences with the Danish healthcare system in the process of becoming a parent. The study explores how experiences with the healthcare system can be understood as a part of their subjectivation. Through the lens of queer feminism, represented by Judith Butler, it thus critically investigates how s

The purpose with the thesis is to critically analyze the Gates Foundation’s understanding of development. The author uses a critical discourse analysis inspired by Norman Fairclough, and the material is collected from the foundation’s website. The theory consists of four parts. First, the linguistic aspects of the material are examined. Second, the discursive practice of the foundation is understo

Over the past 150 years, industrialization, globalization and population growth have altered the planet and its natural conditions at a rapid pace. In this new era, the Anthropocene, environmental degradation has come to a state where sustainable ecosystem management has developed into an urgent quest for humans to maintain their own life-support system. The ecosystem services (ES) concept, initia