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This paper focuses on the performance and efficiency of an HCCI (Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition) engine system running on natural gas or landfill gas for stationary applications. Zero-dimensional modelling and simulation of the engine, turbo, inlet and exhaust manifolds and inlet air conditioner (intercooler/heater) are used to study the effect of compression ratio and exhaust turbine size
There is limited information about the behavior and movement of people in case of fireevacuation in smoke-filled environments, and there is limited guidance on how peoples’walking speed in smoke can and should be represented in the fire safety design process.In this report, a literature review within this area, and a subsequent recommendation onhow to represent walking speed in both smoke-free andThere is limited information about the behavior and movement of people in case of fire evacuation in smoke-filled environments, and there is limited guidance on how peoples’ walking speed in smoke can and should be represented in the fire safety design process. In this report, a literature review within this area, and a subsequent recommendation on how to represent walking speed in both smoke-free
This thesis is about how these small farmers in two socio-ecological systems in southern Ecuador accommodate their agro-ecologies and gender systems to national and international forces and networks, and how it relates to processes of ecological appropriation conflictive with their possibilities of wellbeing. Loja, in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes, maize growers embrace industrial production, with
The semiconductor industry is one of the most technologically advanced and complex industries in the world, not only because of the extreme development pace, but also because of the necessary production processes to create the finished product. The value increase from silicon as raw material, to integrated circuits (IC), is equivalent to the transformation of sand into a product worth more than it
The streaming instability is a promising mechanism to drive the formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks. To trigger this process, it has been argued that sedimentation of solids onto the mid-plane needs to be efficient, and therefore that a quiescent gaseous environment is required. It is often suggested that dead-zone or disk-wind structure created by non-ideal magnetohydrodynamical (M
We were interested in catalogers as human beings and in their reaction to a changed working situation. In the light of the changes which have been made at the libraries during the nineties, we investigated why the very group catalogers reacted with an intense and engaged open debate at the same time as librarians with special competence didn t seem to react in this way. The open debate about the c
In 1999 the Chinese government initiated a large investment project directed towards the western region of the country in an attempt to boost the economic growth in order for it to catch up with the much more affluent coastal areas. The campaign is called Open Up the West (Xibu da kaifa) and its most prioritized areas have been announced as infrastructure construction, environmental protection, in
Climate change has caused significant impacts on water resource redistribution around the world and posed a great threat in the last several decades due to intensive human activities. The impacts of human water use and management on regional water resources remain unclear as they are intertwined with the impacts of climate change. In this study, we disentangled the impact of climate-induced human
This article seeks to elucidate that influence by examining the Malazim [Lectures] of Hussein al-Houthi, the founder of the Houthi movement in Yemen, and comparing them to the ideas and visions of Hassan al-Banna, the founder and theoretician of the Muslim Brotherhood group, as was evident in the book called: Rasa'il Hassan al-Banna, [Messages of Hassan al-Banna] and it will work to clarify the es
Many model-based tuning methods for PI(D) controllers, especially - but not exclusively - in the process control domain, employ models with delay. Doing so has advantages, basically in terms of tuning rules' simplicity, but also potential drawbacks, especially from the standpoint of performance (and sometimes robustness). This manuscript aims at initiating and fostering a critical discussion on th
Technical measurements allow an objective assessment of MSD risk factors at work. There is a need for common standards regarding data collection and processing, as well as an exchange platform storing measurement data of occupational physical activity and workload for further analysis. Several research institutes started a feasibility study to work on developing standards for assessment of risk fa
Small birds are hot creatures with an average body temperature of 40° Centigrade, and so must burn energy at a formidable rate to stay warm. This becomes quite the challenge in winter when birds are 40-50 degrees warmer than outside for extended periods, even in comparatively mild regions such as Scotland. Thus, the little bird in winter must spend most of the day either feeding or searching for
Introducing the concept of semantic representation in the brain as well as highlighting their relevance for day-to-day human functioning. Presenting a brief overview of different theoretical viewpoints on semantic representation in the brain along with empirical evidence implicating brain areas designated for semantic processing. Illustrating how statistical semantics and semantic spaces have been
As a solution to solving energy consumption and environment problems, photovoltaics has become one type of the promising devices to convert solar energy into electricity directly. In some special areas like in space, a kind of photovoltaics with lightweight and reliable properties is needed to supply power. Therefore, photovoltaics based on the group III-V semiconductor nanowires has been emerged
Time-resolved optical pump/X-ray probe experiments are often used to study structural dynamics. To ensure high temporal resolution, it is necessary to monitor the timing between the X-ray pulses and the laser pulses. The transition from a crystalline solid material to a disordered state in a non-thermal melting process can be used as a reliable timing monitor. We have performed a study of the non-
The kinetics and mechanism for the overall reaction (i) (X = Cl or Br) have been studied at 25.0 °C using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. 3[AuX4]–+ 7SCN–+ 4H2O → 3[Au(SCN)2]–+ HSO4–+ HCN + 12X–+ 6H+ (i), The reaction takes place in two kinetically well separated steps. The initial, rapid process can be identified as stepwise ligand substitutions (ii) (n= 0–3) which take place via direct ligand diThe kinetics and mechanism for the overall reaction (i) (X = Cl or Br) have been studied at 25.0 °C using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. 3[AuX4]–+ 7SCN–+ 4H2O → 3[Au(SCN)2]–+ HSO4–+ HCN + 12X–+ 6H+ (i) The reaction takes place in two kinetically well separated steps. The initial, rapid process can be identified as stepwise ligand substitutions (ii) (n= 0–3) which take place via direct ligand
