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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. A characteristic feature of RA is the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Since ACPAs are highly specific for RA and are often present before the onset of RA symptoms, they have become valuable diagnostic and prognostic. As a result, several assays for detection of ACPAs exist, which vary in sensitivity a

We investigate the relation between crystal stacking faults in individual wurtzite InAs and GaAs nanowires and the intensity of the forbidden longitudinal optical (LO) phonon mode in the Raman spectra. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are combined on the same individual nanowires to evaluate the LO mode intensity as a function of the stacking fault density. A clear inc

Xyloside analogues with substitution of the endocyclic oxygen atom by sulfur or carbon were investigated as substrates for β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 (β4GalT7), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan chains. The analogues with an endocyclic sulfur atom proved to be excellent substrates for β4GalT7, and were galactosylated approximately fifteen times more efficiently than the corr

What explains variation in military spending? Conventional wisdom suggests that states arm because of either foreign threats or domestic political institutions. The literature treats these factors as distinct and separate (Nordhaus et. al. 2012, Fordham and Walker 2005, Goldsmith 2003). Less attention is given to how states with different internal constraints respond to similar circumstances. This

The environment of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is regarded as one of the most sensitive ecosystems of the world. However, investigations on effects caused by global climate change or anthropogenic activities are rare due to its quite remote location. This thesis deals with various aspects of the carbon and water cycle within ecological and hydrological studies that can be assessed by measurements of

A new three-parameter (valency, ion size, and charge asymmetry) model, the asymmetric restricted primitive model (ARPM) of ionic liquids, has recently been proposed. Given that ionic liquids generally are composed of monovalent species, the ARPM effectively reduces to a two-parameter model. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations have demonstrated that the ARPM is able to reproduce key properties of room tem

This synopsis covers evidence for the effects of conservation interventions for native farmland wildlife. It is restricted to evidence captured on the website www.conservationevidence.com. It includes papers published in the journal Conservation Evidence, evidence summarized on our database and systematic reviews collated by the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence. It is the thrid volume in t

The arrival of the Digital Age added a new way to preserve memories of war and conflict. These developments beg deeper reflection on the role of cyberspace and how memories of conflict have become publicly and collectively owned, shared and mediated in the digital space. Cyberspace offers a context for the deposit of digital memorials for victims and casualties of war from any adversary in a confl

Diesel engines are by far the most common means of propulsion aboard ships. It is estimated that around half of their fuel energy consumption is dissipated as low-grade heat. The organic Rankine cycle technology is a well-established solution for the energy conversion of thermal power from biomass combustion, geothermal reservoirs, and waste heat from industrial processes. However, its economic fe

We present a dual-wavelength polarimetric measurement method to distinguish species and sexes of disease transmitting mosquitoes in flight. By measuring co- and de-polarized backscattered light at 808 and 1550nm, the degree of linear polarization, wingbeat frequency, reflectance, spectral ratio and glossiness of mosquitoes can be retrieved. Body and wing contributions to these signals can be separ

Conodonts have been a key tool for biostratigraphical, evolutionary and palaeobiogeographical studies, and the GermanicBasin has been one of the most important regions for these studies. However, few modern studies provide systematic data onthe mainly endemic conodonts of the Middle Triassic Germanic Basin. Here we document conodonts from two sections inGermany, one Bithynian in age and the other

The cause of the Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) boundary biotic crisis, one of the ‘Big Five’ mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic, remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed multiple sulfur-isotope compositions (δ33S, δ34S and δ36S) of pyrite and Spy/TOC ratios in two Tr-J successions (Mariental, Mingolsheim) from the European Epicontinental Seaway (EES) in order to better document ocean-redox va

A supervisory observer is a multiple-model architecture, which estimates the parameters and the states of nonlinear systems. It consists of a bank of state observers, where each observer is designed for some nominal parameter values sampled in a known parameter set. A selection criterion is used to select a single observer at each time instant, which provides its state estimate and parameter value

Novel Sm2O3−NiO composite was prepared as the functional electrolyte for the first time. The total electrical conductivity of Sm2O3−NiO is 0.38 S cm−1 in H2/air condition at 550 °C. High performance, e.g. 718 mW cm−2, was achieved using Sm2O3−NiO composite as an electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells operated at 550 °C. The electrical properties and electrochemical performance are strongly depended

Correct phenotypic interpretation of variants of unknown significance for cancer-associated genes is a diagnostic challenge as genetic screenings gain in popularity in the next-generation sequencing era. The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) experiment aims to test and define the state of the art of genotype-phenotype interpretation. Here, we present the assessment of the CAGI p1