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This article explains how the USSR's State Security Committee (KGB) inadvertently spurred the rise of a dissident movement in the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Vladimir Semichastnyi in 1962 and 1963, the KGB launched a new offensive against “ideological subversion,” aimed primarily at Soviet intellectuals who were skeptical but not hostile in their views of Soviet Communism. These intellec

We calculate neutron multiplicities from fission fragments with specified mass numbers for events having a specified total fragment kinetic energy. The shape evolution from the initial compound nucleus to the scission configurations is obtained with the metropolis walk method on the five-dimensional potential-energy landscape, calculated with the macroscopic-microscopic method for the three-quadra

We investigated the structural evolution of electrochemically fabricated Pd nanowires in situ by means of grazing-incidence transmission small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering (GTSAXS and GTWAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR). This shows how electrodeposition and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compete and interact during Pd electrodeposit

Wireless charging of smartphones using inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) has become very popular. However, the efficiency of IWPT systems can decrease substantially when the transmitting and receiving coils are not closely coupled. One popular approach to mitigate the efficiency degradation is to utilize higher frequency. However, the higher efficiency is only achieved at a specific range o

To meet the ever-increasing user demand, eleven of the fifteen European Spallation Source (ESS) instruments under construction aim to offer polarised neutrons for user experiments. They include an imaging instrument, a SANS instruments, two reflectometers, three diffractometers, and four spectrometers. In conjunction with in-kind contributions and instrumentation grants, the ESS Polarisation Proje

Isosorbide is a well-investigated and accessible biomass-derived compound that has found wide use in medicine, cosmetics, and material sciences. The efforts to employ this rigid bicyclic diol as a sustainable building block in high-performance biobased plastics for, e.g., the engineering, coating, and packaging sectors have grown sharply in recent years. Due to the biomass origin, there is an impl

Even though membrane technology is used in numerous industrial applications, membrane fouling is still a major challenge. Valuable information on the formation kinetics and structure of the fouling layer can be obtained by in situ real-time monitoring. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) enables the study of adsorptive fouling in situ on a model membrane. However, so fa

Connected autonomous vehicles can significantly improve the safety and mobility of urban transportation systems. However, these systems are vulnerable to model uncertainties, wireless communication impairments, and external disturbances. In this article, we propose a new autonomous intersection management (AIM) system, called hierarchical model predictive control (HMPC). In HMPC, the intersection

Investigating the optical properties of various chemical compounds using UV-vis spectrophotometers is an essential part of education in chemistry. However, commercial spectrophotometers are usually treated as "magic black boxes", where the dominant majority of optical elements are hidden "under the hood". This often limits understanding of the mechanisms behind the generation of spectral curves, w

Introduction: Good health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important goal in the treatment of persons with haemophilia B (PwHB). Studies focusing on this population are limited, however, and data are insufficient. Aim: To assess the HRQoL in PwHB and to compare this to data on persons with haemophilia A (PwHA), as well as to evaluate the impact of joint health on HRQoL and to identify areas o

Background and purpose Hip fractures should be treated based on the best available evidence and cost-effectively to optimize the outcome for this large group of frail patients. This study examined nationwide variation in surgical methods used for hip fractures. Methods In this cohort study 46,243 patients ≥65 years with a trochanteric hip fracture (THF) or a femoral neck fracture (FNF) registered

Motivation: Most protein-structure superimposition tools consider only Cartesian coordinates. Yet, much of biology happens on the surface of proteins, which is why proteins with shared ancestry and similar function often have comparable surface shapes. Superposition of proteins based on surface shape can enable comparison of highly divergent proteins, identify convergent evolution and enable detai

The release of inorganic elements, especially K, Cl, and S, can cause severe damage to biomass conversion devices, such as slagging, fouling, or corrosion. A predictive model for the release of K-Cl-S elements can be used to enhance the design and operating conditions of biomass conversion devices. In this study, a detailed model is developed that includes 12 solid species and 13 reactions, which

Order Picking in warehouses is often optimized using a method known as Order Batching, which means that one vehicle can be assigned to pick a batch of several orders at a time. There exists a rich body of research on Order Batching Problem (OBP) optimization, but one area which demands more attention is computational efficiency, especially for optimization scenarios where warehouses have unconvent