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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constituted the largest global health crisis in recent generations. It may also have disrupted the pattern of antimicrobial use (AMU) and subsequently affected the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – a grave human health concern. This study aimed to give an overview of existing AMR surveillance systems and evaluate the impact of

Corruption is one of the most pressing and systemic issues of the 21st century,significantly hindering sustainable socio-economic development acrossnations. It undermines trust in authorities and legal institutions, which inturn diminishes investment activities, restricts entrepreneurial growth, andexacerbates social inequality. Kazakhstan, as a country actively working tomodernize public administ

The favorable pharmacokinetics of MMC, used during intraperitoneal chemotherapy, has been reported in several studies [11-19]. A major safety issue in studies using intraperitoneal chemotherapy perfusion is the resulting systemic drug exposure. The AUCplasma is determined by the dose, the clearance, and the fraction absorbed from the peritoneal cavity. The reported mean plasma peak concentrations

Since 1750, land-use change and fossil fuel combustion has led to a 46% increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, causing global warming with substantial societal consequences. The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature increases to well below 2C above preindustrial levels. Increasing levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as methane (CH4) and nitrou

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The current TNM (Tumor, Node, and Metastasis) classification approach is suboptimal in determining the prognosis of CRC patients. The prognosis for CRC is affected by a variety of features that are present at the initial diagnosis. Herein, we performed a systematic exploration and established a novel five-p

The challenge of urbanisation, caused by an increase in city population, is increasing demand for imported food products. Food supplies may be impacted by the exponential increase in food demand caused by a constantly expanding global population. Growing and producing food in urban areas has now become a common practice. Addressing food system challenges through the adoption of urban farms on gree

Bioenergy derived from agricultural biomass can contribute to meeting the rising demand for renewable energy. To estimate the agricultural sector's potential to contribute to bioenergy, it is crucial to understand what motivates farmers to increase agricultural feedstock production sustainably. Through eight semi-structured interviews and online surveys with 174 farmers in southern Sweden, we expl

This study examines the Swedish church election and why the electoral participation is low while the Swedish parliamentary election has one of the best electoral participation in the world. The study was conducted partly through a statistical analysis based on data from the national SOM-survey and partly through interviews with five young individuals, two of whom had voted and three who had not. T

Background. Adults with intellectual disability (ID) experience marked mental health inequities, yet population-wide estimates that capture both primary- and specialist-care diagnoses remain scarce. Methods. Using nationwide Swedish registries, including primary care, specialist, inpatient, prescription drug, criminal, and suspicion registers, we included all individuals born in Sweden between 195

Recently, epidemiological evidence has suggested that hypopituitarism with untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular mortality and that women are particularly at risk. In the present study, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 33 such women was assessed and compared with matched controls. A si

Efforts to develop effective climate strategies necessitate a better understanding of the relationship between terrestrial water and carbon cycles. Water use efficiency (WUE) has been often used to characterize this relationship, while the role of transpiration (T) in the variation of ecosystem WUE has been less investigated. Here, we partitioned WUEET (the ratio of gross primary productivity (GPP

In this study, we show the complexity associated with the recent land cover changes by elucidating the paths of 30 years of changes in the Upper Paraná River Basin (UPRB), a region severely impacted by agricultural activity, one of the areas with the highest density in the production of hydroelectricity, biofuels and food in the world. In this sense, a post-classification comparison approach based

We know little about how genetic risk factors for two disorders jointly act and interact in predisposing to illness. Therefore, in the Swedish population, born 1970–1990 (n = 2,116,082) and followed through 2015, we examine, using additive Cox models, the impact of the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depression (MD), their interaction with each other and

Problem: Parallel trade occurs when a product is released on one market, and an importer purchases the product in question on a lower priced market, and subsequently imports the product to a higher priced market, and sells it there. Parallel trade of pharmaceuticals in the European Union is prevalent since the legal, business and political environment makes the trade relatively easy and legal. Thi

Ett av livets största beslut är beslutet om föräldraskap. Det är dessutom ett beslut som i slutändan görs av modern, eftersom det är hon som tar beslutet om abort. Härigenom uppstår en situation som inte är jämställd, vilket har orsakat en viss debatt den senaste tiden. Debatten gäller huruvida det bör finnas en rätt för fadern att göra en så kallad juridisk abort, alltså en möjlighet att avsäga sThe choice to become a parent is not an easy one to make, moreover it is today a choice more likely to be made by the mother. She has the opportunity of abortion, whereas the father can’t affect his becoming a parent after the moment of conception. This constitutes a situation of inequality between the sexes, which this year has caused a debate to arise in social media as well as in news papers. I

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de för parfymtillverkare tillgängliga varumärkes- och marknadsrättsliga verktygen mot snålskjutsfenomenet ”smell-alikes”, dvs. efterbildningar av välkända märkesparfymer av lägre kvalitet som säljs för en bråkdel av originalpriset. I avsaknad av ett självklart, juridiskt varumärkesskydd för dofter lämnas producenterna att förlita sig på det varumärkesrätThe aim of this paper is to investigate the legal tools available for perfume producers in trademark and market law against the free-riding phenomenon “smell-alikes”, i.e. imitations of famous brand perfumes of lower quality sold at a fraction of the original price. In the absence of evident legal trademark protection for fragrances, manufacturers have to rely on the trademark protection granted

Om ett ekosystem ska fortsätta att förse samhället med viktiga tjänster måste det vara anpassningsbart. Som en del av ett ekosystem är arters förmåga att förflytta sig över landskapet vitalt för anpassningen. Grönstruktur underlättar förflyttningen av arter i ett landskap fragmenterat av bebyggelse och barriärer. Vid ett förändrat klimat är grönstruktur viktigt av två anledningar. Ökat antal extreFor an ecosystem to be able to continue to provide important services to society, it must be able to adapt to change. As part of an ecosystem, the ability of a species to migrate in the landscape is vital for the adaption to change. A green infrastructure allows the movement of species in a landscape fragmented by human influenced land use. The importance of a green infrastructure is twofold in a

Den miljörättsliga regleringen av Senegal floden är mer fortskridande än internationell rätt. Med fortskridande menas i denna uppsats hur situationen är för medborgarna i aktuella vattendragsstater. Miljöskydd och den mänskliga rättigheten till vatten sammanstrålar på vissa punkter och hypotetiskt så kan de internationella miljörättsliga reglerna om förebyggande av förorening av sötvatten stärkThe environmental regulation of the Senegal River is more progressed than the international law stipulates. With progressed regulation in this thesis means how the situation and circumstances are for the citizens of the current riparian states. The protection of environment and the human rights are on the point of converging and hypothetic the international environmental rules to prevent pollut