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The objective of this critical review was to provide a comprehensive summary of paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs) producing species and knowledge gaps in detecting PSTs in drinking water resources, with a focuson recent development of PSTs monitoring methods and tools for drinking water monitoring. PSTs, whichare also called Saxitoxins (STXs), are a group of neurotoxins not only produced by marine
Application-level packet filtering is a technique for network access control in which an “application-level gateway” intercepts network packets at the application level (e.g., HTTP, FTP), scans them for security concerns and optionally logs, rewrites or discards them. Existing application-level filters express their filtering rules in general-purpose languages, which limits the correctness guarant
Autoantibodies are an important marker of human autoimmune diseases and the development of simple, precise and reproducible immunoassays to detect autoantibodies is important to our understanding of human autoimmunity. GAD65 autoantibodies occur frequently in insulin-dependent diabetic patients and is a useful marker for IDDM. A RIA to detect immunoreactive GAD65 has not been described. In the pre
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the structure and the lattice dynamics in the complex metallic alloy Mg2Zn 11, by means of neutron and x-ray scattering, as well as ab initio and empirical potential calculations. Mg2Zn11 can be seen as an intermediate step in structural complexity between the simple Laves-phase MgZn2 on one side, and the complex 1/1 approximants and quas
The sensitivity of biosensors can be increased substantially by incorporation in a substrate recycling scheme. Based on the amplification of NAD+/NADH by the recycling reaction catalyzed by glycerol dehydrogenase (GDH) and diaphorase, NAD+/NADH can be determined amperometrically with around 1000 times higher sensitivity than for the substrate sensing mode. The sensitivity of enzyme electrodes were
Most state-of-the-art natural gas-fired combined cycle (NGCC) plants are triple-pressure reheat cycles with efficiencies close to 60%. However, with carbon capture and storage, the efficiency will be penalized by almost 10% units. To limit the energy consumption for a carbon capture NGCC plant, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is necessary. Utilizing EGR increases the CO2 content in the gas turbine
Objective: The de-institutionalizing process came to an end before the millennium shift by closing mental hospitals. After that some of the most ill patients are cared for in sheltered housing (SH). There is no in-house psychiatric competence and the staff on the floor usually lacks such knowledge and training. Observation instruments may improve this by making it possible to assess and monitor pa
Aims: Exposure to infection is a risk for all healthcare workers. This risk acquires another dimension in an outbreak of highly contagious, lethal disease, such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. Healthcare workers are usually well and correctly informed about the risks from such diseases, but family, neighbours, friends, or colleagues may react strongly to the risk that staff might bri
Aims: This study compares the associations of Life's Simple 7 (LS7) and Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome populations. Methods: This cohort study analyzed 11,487 participants aged ≥20 years with CKM syndrome from NHANES 2005–2018. Participants were categorized into non-advanced (stages 0–2) and advanced (stages 3–
Articles pose a particular challenge to second-language learners whose first language does not have them. Variability in article production in these learners is often explained in terms of first-language influence, but there are also suggestions that frequency-biased regularities in the target language itself might play a role. While most second-language research on articles has focused on English
This master thesis aims to improve the physical design of smart ear tags for animals. The focus was to minimize the risk of tags falling off or causing harm, while considering environmental and animal welfare aspects. The project followed the methodology of Ulrich & Eppinger’s product development process, which included stages such as planning, concept development, and testing. Data collectio
Polyphagous insect species develop using multiple host plants. Often considered beneficial, polyphagy can also be costly as host nutritional quality may vary. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an invasive species that can develop on numerous fruit species over the annual cycle. Here, we assessed the contribution of winter-available fruit to the development of seasonal populations of D. suzukii, un
Natural resource extraction often takes place in locations where communities are not financially well-off and where historically marginalized groups reside. This paper contributes to the policy debate by revealing how corporate social licence tactics enable a model of corporate-community manipulation which is similar across different geographical contexts. Original data gathered between 2016 and 2
Background: Patients with diabetes admitted to emergency care face a higher risk of complications, including prolonged hospital stays, admissions to the intensive care unit and mortality. Aim: To develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict 30-day mortality in patients with diabetes admitted to the emergency department (ED). Design and setting: A cohort study utilizing data from all nine ED’s
Computational models of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are increasingly useful for optimizing treatment in patients with kidney disease requiring dialysis (KDRD). However, although several mathematical models have been developed in the past few decades, a direct comparison of the models’ accuracy with respect to predicting in vivo data is needed to further create robust personalized models. Here, we use
The urgent need for improving the energy density of aqueous lithium ion batteries (ALIBs) can be addressed by the implementation of advanced electrode materials and electrolytes. The utilization of layered oxide cathodes, particularly Li[NixCoyMnz]O2 (NCM) materials, is an effective strategy, as they can offer high specific capacities in an appropriate voltage range. However, due to the strong eff
Currently, the European Union (EU) is the “green leader”, globally, in adopting policies to support longer product lifetimes. One reason for this state of affairs is that EU Member States are adopting progressive policies, which put pressure on the EU to set EU-wide laws to replace national ones. The main reason for this situation is that national rules may lead to distortions in trade in the EU S
“Seeding” is the addition of preformed fibrils to a solution of monomeric protein to accelerate its aggregation into new fibrils. It is a versatile and widely used tool for scientists studying protein aggregation kinetics, as it enables the isolation and separate study of discrete reaction steps contributing to protein aggregation, specifically elongation and secondary nucleation. However, the see
Background: Detecting and monitoring monoclonal free light immunoglobulin chains in serum is important for managing patients with B-cell neoplasms. Established methods have relied on immunochemistry, with monoclonality determined through an abnormal ratio of free kappa and lambda chains and an increased concentration of the involved chain. This indirect approach has limitations. Mass spectrometric
