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Background: Adverse events induced by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to treat high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) often lead to treatment discontinuation. The EAU-RF NIMBUS trial found a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations to be inferior with the standard regimen. Nonetheless, it remains important to evaluate whether patients in the reduced BCG treatmen

Aims: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) improve outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but remain underused and are often discontinued especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to concerns on renal safety. Therefore, in a real-world HFrEF population we investigated the safety of MRA use, in terms of risk of renal events, any mortality and an

Researchers often aim to make correct inferences both about that which is actually studied (internal validity) and about what the results generalize to (external validity). The language of internal and external validity is not used by everyone, but many of us would agree that intuitively the distinction makes a lot of sense. Two claims are commonly made with respect to internal and external validi

Water harvesting and artificial recharge has been a traditional solution to water scarcity problems in the arid and semiarid Middle East for thousands of years. These techniques are increasingly being encouraged and at present there has been a renewed interest to find improved methods for water harvesting in many arid countries. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance an

The protein biomarker vitellogenin in fish is discussed alongside alterative strategies for monitoring of endocrine disrupting chemicals. The first objective was to find a cheap, robust and generic method for the quantification of vitellogenin. A new sample preparation method was developed for the indirect quantification of vitellogenin through alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) with final analysis usi

In this research, both experimental test methods and computer models were used to characterise the thermal decomposition processes of selected upholstered furniture component materials, namely; flexible polyurethane foam and a range of different fabric coverings. This was first done at some of the smallest, simplest levels available, and how these materials were tested and the methods chosen to in

Background: Day centres are central for community participation among people with mental health problems. Understanding day centre attendees' occupational engagement is therefore important. Method:A total of 88 people from six day centres in four municipalities in southern Sweden completed a time-use diary, recording their occupational engagement during the most recent day at the day centre. The t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Grundvatten, det vatten som förekommer i hålrum i underjorden, är en av våra allra viktigaste naturresurser. Grundvattnet utgör den absolut största andelen för oss tillgängligt färskvatten och används för att producera mat och som processvatten inom olika industrier. Ungefär hälften av jordens dricksvattenförsörjning baseras på grundvattenuttag och ekosystem världen övePesticides are known to occur in groundwater worldwide. However, long-term pollution concerns and cause-effect relationships for specific regions remain limited. This thesis explores the occurrence of pesticides in south-Swedish groundwater, with the aims of providing a better knowledge basis for assessment and management of present-day and future pollution risks. The investigations are restricted

Popular Abstract in Swedish Välfärd, säkerhet och fertilitetsnivån: En global analys, 1985 och 1995.Aims: This study aims to find an explanation for differentials in the level of fertility through the analysis of the recent data of seventy-eight developed and developing countries. The main approach adopted is the specification of a macroeconomic interdependent model testing hypotheses within an institutional point of view. Methods: This is a cross-sectional data analysis in a system of four equ

BACKGROUND: Alcohol screening scores 5 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) up to a year before surgery have been associated with postoperative complications, but the association with postoperative health care use is unknown. This study evaluated whether AUDIT-C scores in the year before surgery were associated with postoperative hospital length of stay, total ICU

Background: Reliable exposure data is a vital concern in medical epidemiology and intervention studies. The present study addresses the needs of the medical researcher to spend monetary resources devoted to exposure assessment with an optimal cost-efficiency, i.e. obtain the best possible statistical performance at a specified budget. A few previous studies have suggested mathematical optimization

Popular Abstract in Swedish Digital (datorbaserad) teknik för bildframställning är idag regel för samtliga moderna modaliteter i diagnostisk radiologi, såsom ultraljud, datortomografi, magnetisk resonanstomografi, scintigrafi, och digital subtraktionsangiografi. Digital bildteknik medför fördelar vid bildbearbetning, demonstration, bildkommunikation, samt arkivering. Majoriteten av undersökningarThe aims of the study were to investigate the applications of digital radiography to musculoskeletal radiology. In the first part of the research, the diagnostic accuracy of digital images as compared to film-screen radiographs was studied and the spatial resolution requirements evaluated. Using computed radiography (CR), the pathological changes included were erosions, soft tissue swelling, peri

Senescence is characterized by a decline in survival, fecundity and reproductive value with age among adult individuals. Simple age-dependent life cycles progress forward through developmental stages, with each successive stage being characterized by age-specific vital rates. In contrast, size- or stage-based life cycles for perennial plants are more complex and often include stasis and retrogress

Purification is a very important stage in biotechnological processes. The traditionally used precipitation techniques are generally nonspecific and thus one or more chromatographic steps are normally required. There is thus a need for new approaches to improve existing techniques. New, more specific precipitation techniques have been introduced by the use of stimuli-responsive polymers. These poly

Popular Abstract in Swedish Smärta är en varningssignal vid vävnadskada. En speciell grupp av receptorer i huden är känsliga för skadlig stimulering och kallas för nociceptorer. Signalerna från dessa ”smärtreceptorer” leds via två fibertyper till ryggmärgen. Beröringssignaler förmedlas via andra typer. I ryggmärgen bearbetas information och skickas vidare till reflexkretsar och hjärnan. Hjärnan i Recent studies indicate that experience dependent mechanisms shape the pain system during the development. In view of that painful stimuli are rare during development it is not clear how this is accomplished. In this thesis it is confirmed, using a battery of sensory deprivations in the rat, that the development of an essential component of the pain system, the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWR

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det är sedan länge känt att för samma bildkvalitet kan patientstråldosen variera kraftigt mellan två olika sjukhus för en och samma röntgenundersökning. Det finns ett stort utrymme för sänkning av patientstråldosen utan att undersökningens kvalitet påverkas. Vid optimering inom röntgendiagnostik balanseras patientstråldos mot bildkvalitet. Optimeringen kräver att man ha

This paper presents a pilot study of an on-going doctoral study, addressing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of e-resources users. The study was a cross-sectional survey of graduate students, researchers, academic staff, heads of departments and college librarians at the Makerere University School of Public Health. The purpose was to test data collection methods and gain pre-understanding of

Today, most studies of genetic variation utilise molecular markers, making it possible to detect variation at the DNA level. This has greatly facilitated studies of genetic variation in population and evolutionary genetics, systematics and transmission genetics. By studying the inheritance of molecular markers in crosses, it is possible to map the markers, i.e. to determine their genomic positions